Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Clinical Features of Essential Tremor and its Impact on Quality of Life in Japan Cover

Clinical Features of Essential Tremor and its Impact on Quality of Life in Japan

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements
Volume 15 (2025): Issue 1
By: Shohei OkusaORCID,  Toshiki TezukaORCID,  Yoshihiro NiheiORCID,  Jin NakaharaORCID and  Morinobu SekiORCID  
Open Access
|May 2025

References

  1. 1Bhatia KP, Bain P, Bajaj N, Elble RJ, Hallett M, Louis ED, et al. Consensus Statement on the classification of tremors. from the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2018;33(1):75–87. DOI: 10.1002/mds.27121
    Back to article
  2. 2Song P, Zhang Y, Zha M, Yang Q, Ye X, Yi Q, et al. The global prevalence of essential tremor, with emphasis on age and sex: A meta-analysis. Journal of global health. 2021;11:04028. DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.04028
    Back to article
  3. 3Jain S, Lo SE, Louis ED. Common misdiagnosis of a common neurological disorder: how are we misdiagnosing essential tremor? Archives of neurology. 2006;63(8):1100–4. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.63.8.1100
    Back to article
  4. 4Schrag A, Münchau A, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Marsden CD. Essential tremor: an overdiagnosed condition? Journal of neurology. 2000;247(12):955–9. DOI: 10.1007/s004150070053
    Back to article
  5. 5Erro R, Sorrentino C, Russo M, Barone P. Essential tremor plus rest tremor: current concepts and controversies. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria: 1996). 2022;129(7):835–46. DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02516-2
    Back to article
  6. 6Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, Poewe W, Olanow CW, Oertel W, et al. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2015;30(12):1591–601. DOI: 10.1002/mds.26424
    Back to article
  7. 7Stebbins GT, Goetz CG, Burn DJ, Jankovic J, Khoo TK, Tilley BC. How to identify tremor dominant and postural instability/gait difficulty groups with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale: comparison with the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2013;28(5):668–70. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25383
    Back to article
  8. 8Ghika A, Kyrozis A, Potagas C, Louis ED. Motor and Non-motor Features: Differences between Patients with Isolated Essential Tremor and Patients with Both Essential Tremor and Parkinson’s Disease. Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, NY). 2015;5:335. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.248
    Back to article
  9. 9Shahed J, Jankovic J. Exploring the relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2007;13(2):67–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2006.05.033
    Back to article
  10. 10Minen MT, Louis ED. Emergence of Parkinson’s disease in essential tremor: a study of the clinical correlates in 53 patients. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2008;23(11):1602–5. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22161
    Back to article
  11. 11Barone P, Antonini A, Colosimo C, Marconi R, Morgante L, Avarello TP, et al. The PRIAMO study: A multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2009;24(11):1641–9. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22643
    Back to article
  12. 12Martinez-Martin P, Jeukens-Visser M, Lyons KE, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Selai C, Siderowf A, et al. Health-related quality-of-life scales in Parkinson’s disease: critique and recommendations. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2011;26(13):2371–80. DOI: 10.1002/mds.23834
    Back to article
  13. 13Kwon KY, Lee HM, Lee SM, Kang SH, Koh SB. Comparison of motor and non-motor features between essential tremor and tremor dominant Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2016;361:34–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.016
    Back to article
  14. 14Shalash AS, Hamid E, Elrassas H, Bahbah EI, Mansour AH, Mohamed H, et al. Non-motor symptoms in essential tremor, akinetic rigid and tremor-dominant subtypes of Parkinson’s disease. PloS one. 2021;16(1):e0245918. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245918
    Back to article
  15. 15Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Sleep Disorders in Patients with Essential Tremor. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2021;21(5):23. DOI: 10.1007/s11910-021-01109-y
    Back to article
  16. 16Sengul Y, Bal N, Louis ED. Evidence of central involvement in essential tremor: a detailed study of auditory pathway physiology. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria: 1996). 2020;127(8):1153–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02215-w
    Back to article
  17. 17Balaban H, Altuntaş EE, Uysal IO, Sentürk IA, Topaktaş S. Audio-vestibular evaluation in patients with essential tremor. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. 2012;269(6):1577–81. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1801-x
    Back to article
  18. 18Li M, He R, Zhou X, Wang Y, Sun Q, Wang C, et al. Nonmotor Symptoms Differ Between Essential Tremor and Tremor-Dominant Parkinson’s Disease. Brain and behavior. 2025;15(2):e70288. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70288
    Back to article
  19. 19Barut BO, Tascilar N, Varo A. Sleep Disturbances in Essential Tremor and Parkinson Disease: A Polysomnographic Study. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2015;11(6):655–62. DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.4778
    Back to article
  20. 20Wu Y, Wang X, Wang C, Sun Q, Song N, Zhou Y, et al. Prevalence and clinical features of non-motor symptoms of essential tremor in Shanghai rural area. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2016;22:15–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.617
    Back to article
  21. 21Lacerte A, Chouinard S, Jodoin N, Bernard G, Rouleau GA, Panisset M. Increased Prevalence of Non-motor Symptoms in Essential Tremor. Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, NY). 2014;4:162. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.176
    Back to article
  22. 22Lee SM, Kim M, Lee HM, Kwon KY, Koh SB. Nonmotor symptoms in essential tremor: Comparison with Parkinson’s disease and normal control. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2015;349(1–2):168–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.012
    Back to article
  23. 23Lombardi WJ, Woolston DJ, Roberts JW, Gross RE. Cognitive deficits in patients with essential tremor. Neurology. 2001;57(5):785–90. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.57.5.785
    Back to article
  24. 24Shalash AS, Mohamed H, Mansour AH, Elkady A, Elrassas H, Hamid E, et al. Clinical Profile of Non-Motor Symptoms in Patients with Essential Tremor: Impact on Quality of Life and Age-Related Differences. Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, NY). 2019;9. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.471
    Back to article
  25. 25Musacchio T, Purrer V, Papagianni A, Fleischer A, Mackenrodt D, Malsch C, et al. Non-Motor Symptoms of Essential Tremor Are Independent of Tremor Severity and Have an Impact on Quality of Life. Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, NY). 2016;6:361. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.284
    Back to article
  26. 26Bougea AM, Zikos P, Spanou I, Efthymiopoulou E. Clock-Drawing Tasks as Predictive Measurements for Disease Classification Among Patients With Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor. Cureus. 2021;13(2):e13239. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13239
    Back to article
  27. 27Postuma RB, Arnulf I, Hogl B, Iranzo A, Miyamoto T, Dauvilliers Y, et al. A single-question screen for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a multicenter validation study. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2012;27(7):913–6. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25037
    Back to article
  28. 28Janicki SC, Cosentino S, Louis ED. The cognitive side of essential tremor: what are the therapeutic implications? Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 2013;6(6):353–68. DOI: 10.1177/1756285613489591
    Back to article
  29. 29Destrebecq V, Naeije G. Cognitive impairment in essential tremor assessed by the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome scale. Frontiers in neurology. 2023;14:1224478. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1224478
    Back to article
  30. 30Cersonsky TEK, Morgan S, Kellner S, Robakis D, Liu X, Huey ED, et al. Evaluating Mild Cognitive Impairment in Essential Tremor: How Many and Which Neuropsychological Tests? Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS. 2018;24(10):1084–98. DOI: 10.1017/S1355617718000747
    Back to article
  31. 31Tröster AI, Woods SP, Fields JA, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, Higginson CI, et al. Neuropsychological deficits in essential tremor: an expression of cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathophysiology? European journal of neurology. 2002;9(2):143–51. DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.00341.x
    Back to article
  32. 32Louis ED, Faust PL, Vonsattel JP, Honig LS, Rajput A, Robinson CA, et al. Neuropathological changes in essential tremor: 33 cases compared with 21 controls. Brain: a journal of neurology. 2007;130(Pt 12):3297–307. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm266
    Back to article
  33. 33Babij R, Lee M, Cortés E, Vonsattel JP, Faust PL, Louis ED. Purkinje cell axonal anatomy: quantifying morphometric changes in essential tremor versus control brains. Brain: a journal of neurology. 2013;136(Pt 10):3051–61. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt238
    Back to article
  34. 34Boecker H, Weindl A, Brooks DJ, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Liedtke C, Miederer M, et al. GABAergic Dysfunction in Essential Tremor: An 11-C-Flumazenil PET Study. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2010;51(7):1030–5. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.074120
    Back to article
  35. 35Haubenberger D, Hallett M. Essential Tremor. The New England journal of medicine. 2018;378(19):1802–10. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp1707928
    Back to article
  36. 36Sezgin M, Bilgic B, Tinaz S, Emre M. Parkinson’s Disease Dementia and Lewy Body Disease. Seminars in neurology. 2019;39(2):274–82. DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678579
    Back to article
  37. 37Janicki SC, Cosentino S, Louis ED. The cognitive side of essential tremor: what are the therapeutic implications? Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders. 2013;6(6):353–68. DOI: 10.1177/1756285613489591
    Back to article
  38. 38Pan JJ, Lee M, Honig LS, Vonsattel JP, Faust PL, Louis ED. Alzheimer’s-related changes in non-demented essential tremor patients vs. controls: links between tau and tremor? Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2014;20(6):655–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.03.003
    Back to article
  39. 39Benito-León J, Louis ED, Romero JP, Hernández-Tamames JA, Manzanedo E, Álvarez-Linera J, et al. Altered Functional Connectivity in Essential Tremor: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Medicine. 2015;94(49):e1936. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001936
    Back to article
  40. 40Hashida M, Maesawa S, Mizuno S, Kato S, Ito Y, Mutoh M, et al. Evaluation of mild cognitive impairment in older patients with essential tremor. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2025;131:107228. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107228
    Back to article
  41. 41Lafo JA, Jones JD, Okun MS, Bauer RM, Price CC, Bowers D. Memory Similarities Between Essential Tremor and Parkinson’s Disease: A Final Common Pathway? The Clinical neuropsychologist. 2015;29(7):985–1001. DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2015.1118553
    Back to article
  42. 42Jones BE. Arousal and sleep circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45(1):6–20. DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0444-2
    Back to article
  43. 43Zanoli P, Zavatti M. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2008;116(3):383–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.011
    Back to article
  44. 44Kontani H, Kawabata Y, Koshiura R. In vivo effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on the urinary bladder contraction accompanying micturition. Japanese journal of pharmacology. 1987;45(1):45–53. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-5198(19)43429-X
    Back to article
  45. 45Gottesmann C. GABA mechanisms and sleep. Neuroscience. 2002;111(2):231–9. DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00034-9
    Back to article
  46. 46Abdou AM, Higashiguchi S, Horie K, Kim M, Hatta H, Yokogoshi H. Relaxation and immunity enhancement effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration in humans. BioFactors (Oxford, England). 2006;26(3):201–8. DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520260305
    Back to article
  47. 47Benito-León J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F. Short sleep duration heralds essential tremor: a prospective, population-based study. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2013;28(12):1700–7. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25590
    Back to article
  48. 48Sengul Y, Sengul HS, Yucekaya SK, Yucel S, Bakim B, Pazarcı NK, et al. Cognitive functions, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances: assessment of nonmotor features in young patients with essential tremor. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2015;115(3):281–7. DOI: 10.1007/s13760-014-0396-6
    Back to article
  49. 49Chandran V, Pal PK, Reddy JY, Thennarasu K, Yadav R, Shivashankar N. Non-motor features in essential tremor. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. 2012;125(5):332–7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01573.x
    Back to article
  50. 50Huang HY, Zhao QZ, Ning PP, Shen QY, Wang H, Xie D, et al. Non-motor symptoms are associated with midline tremor in essential tremor. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. 2020;142(5):501–10. DOI: 10.1111/ane.13290
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.1006 | Journal eISSN: 2160-8288
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 4, 2025
Accepted on: Apr 26, 2025
Published on: May 7, 2025
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
essential tremor,
Parkinson’s disease,
non-motor symptom,
motor symptom,
quality of life

© 2025 Shohei Okusa, Toshiki Tezuka, Yoshihiro Nihei, Jin Nakahara, Morinobu Seki, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 15 (2025): Issue 1Next article