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Algorithmic (In)Tolerance: Experimenting with Beethoven’s Music on Social Media Platforms Cover

Algorithmic (In)Tolerance: Experimenting with Beethoven’s Music on Social Media Platforms

Open Access
|Jan 2023

Abstract

Popular social media platforms, such as YouTube and Facebook, see insurmountable volumes of media uploaded every day. The extent of which cannot be feasibly monitored through human efforts alone to identify infringing activity. Such companies employ algorithmic methods to enforce copyright by removing or monetizing content on behalf of copyright owners; however, occasionally flagged material is misidentified as infringing. These instances represent a potential loss of income for independent artists by way of misappropriated revenue or removal of material, and time spent challenging automated decisions. This article discusses an experiment seeking to ascertain the false positive rate of YouTube’s Content ID and Facebook’s Rights Manager. This is put in the context of existing legal precedence in the United States, including the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). The article makes recommendations for technological and logistical modifications to these systems, and it encourages public education and research on the topic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/tismir.148 | Journal eISSN: 2514-3298
Language: English
Submitted on: Aug 26, 2022
Accepted on: Nov 27, 2022
Published on: Jan 3, 2023
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2023 Adam Eric Berkowitz, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.