Institutional Confidence in the United States: Attitudes of Secular Americans

Abrajano M. A. Alverez R. Assessing the causes and effects of political trust among U.S. Latinos American Politics Research 2010 38 1 110 116 10.1177/1532673X08330273

Abramson P. R. Political attitudes in America 1983 San Francisco Freeman

Alesina A. La Ferrara E. Who trusts others? Journal of Public Economics 2002 85 207 234 10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00084-6

Alvarez R. M. Hall T. Llewellyn M. Are Americans confident their ballots are counted? The Journal of Politics 2008 70 3 754 766

André S. Does trust mean the same for migrants and natives? Testing measurement models of political trust with multi-group confirmatory factor analysis Social Indicators Research 2014 115 3 963 982 10.1007/s11205-013-0246-6

Baker J. Smith B. None Too Simple: Examining Issues of Religious Nonbelief and Nonbelonging in the United States Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 2009 48 4 719 733 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01475.x

Baker J. Smith B. American secularism: Cultural contours of nonreligious belief systems 2015 New York New York University Press

Berggren N. Bjørnskov C. Is the importance of religion in daily life related to social trust? Cross-country and Cross-state comparisons Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 2011 80 3 459 480 10.1016/j.jebo.2011.05.002

Blind P. K. Building trust in government in the twenty-first century: Review of literature and emerging issues 2006 Available from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan025062.pdf [Accessed August 31, 2016]

Boisi Center for Religion American Public Life Separation of church and state Boisi Center Papers on Religion in the United States 2007 2 Available from http://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/boisi/pdf/bc_papers/BCP-ChurchState.pdf [Accessed September 1, 2016]

Bourdieu P. Szeman I Kaposy T. The forms of capital (1986) Cultural theory: An anthology 2011 Oxford, UK Wiley-Blackwell 81 93

Chanley V. A. Trust in government in the aftermath of 9/11: Determinants and consequences Political Psychology 2002 23 3 469 483 10.1111/0162-895X.00294

Citrin J. Green D. Presidential leadership and the resurgence of trust in government British Journal of Political Science 1986 16 431 453 10.1111/0162-895X.00294

Cook T. E. Gronke P. The skeptical American: Revisiting the meanings of trust in government and confidence in institutions The Journal of Politics 2005 67 3 784 803 10.1111/j.1468-2508.2005.00339.x

Corbin C. M. Nonbelievers and government speech Iowa Law Review 2012 97 2 363 369

Cragun R. Kosmin B. Keysar A. Hammer J. Nielsen M. On the receiving end: Discrimination toward the non-religious in the United States Journal of Contemporary Religion 2012 27 1 105 127 10.1080/13537903.2012.642741

Dalton R. J. The social transformation of trust in government International Review of Sociology 2005 15 1 133 154 10.1080/03906700500038819

Davis D. H. Religious dimensions of the Declaration of Independence: Fact and fiction Journal of Church & State 1994 36 3 469 483 10.1093/jcs/36.3.469

Declaration of Independence The unanimous declaration of the thirteen united States of America 1776 Available from http://www.constitution.org/us_doi.pdf [Accessed September 5, 2016]

Devos T. Spini D. Schwartz S. Conflicts among human values and trust in institutions British Journal of Social Psychology 2002 41 4 481 494 10.1348/014466602321149849

de Vroome T. Hooghe M. Marien S. The origins of generalized and political trust among immigrant minorities and the majority population in the Netherlands European Sociological Review 2013 29 6 1336 1350 10.1093/esr/jct018

Edgell P. Gerteis J. Hartmann D. Atheists as “other”: Moral boundaries and cultural membership in American society American Sociological Review 2006 71 2 211 234 10.1177/000312240607100203

Edwards K. L. Bring race to the center: The importance of race in racially diverse religious organizations Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 2008 47 1 5 9 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00387.x

Franks A. S. Scherr K. C. A sociofunctional approach to prejudice at the polls: Are atheists more politically disadvantaged than gays and Blacks? Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2014 44 681 691 10.1111/jasp.12259

Friedenburg R. V. Rhetoric, religion and government at the turn of the 21st century Journal of Communication & Religion 2002 25 34 48

Gallup Confidence in institutions 2015 Available from http://www.gallup.com/poll/1597/confidence-institutions.aspx [Accessed July 16, 2016]

Gao G. 15 Striking Findings from 2015 Pew Research Center 2015 Available from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/12/22/15-striking-findings-from-2015/ [Accessed July 16, 2016]

Gervais W. M. Norenzayan A. Reminders of secular authority reduce believers’ distrust of atheists Psychological Science 2012 23 5 483 491 10.1177/0956797611429711

Gervais W. M. Norenzayan A. Shariff A. Do you believe in atheists? Distrust is central to anti-atheist prejudice Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2011 101 6 1189 1206 10.1037/a0025882

Gresock J. No freedom from religion: The marginalization of atheists in American society, politics, and law Margins 2001 1 560 610

Grönlund K. Setälä M. In honest officials we trust: Institutional confidence in Europe The American Review of Public Administration 2012 42 5 523 542 10.1177/0275074011412946

Hammer J. H. Cragun R. T. Hwang K. Smith J. M. Forms, frequency, and correlates of perceived anti-atheist discrimination Secularism and Nonreligion 2012 1 43 67 10.5334/snr.ad

Hero R. E. Tolbert C. Minority voices and citizen attitudes about government responsiveness in the American states: Do social and institutional context matter? British Journal of Political Science 2004 34 1 109 121 10.1017/S0007123403000371

Hetherington M. J. The political relevance of political trust The American Politician Science Review 1998 92 4 791 808 10.2307/2586304

Hetherington M. J. Rudolph T. Priming, performance, and the dynamics of political trust Journal of Politics 2008 70 2 498 512 10.1017/S0022381608080468

Inglehart R. Warren M. Trust, well-being and democracy Democracy and trust 1999 Cambridge Cambridge University Press 88 120 10.1017/CBO9780511659959.004

Jones D. R. Declining trust in congress: Effects of polarization and consequences for democracy Forum 2015 13 3 375 394 10.1515/for-2015-0027

Kasselstrand I. Nonbelievers in the church: A study of cultural religion in Sweden Sociology of Religion 2015 76 3 275 294 10.1093/socrel/srv026

Kasselstrand I. Kandlik Eltanani M. Church affiliation and trust in the state: Survey data evidence from four Nordic countries Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 2013 26 2 103 119 http://tapir.pdc.no/pdf/NJRS/2013/2013-02-1.pdf

Keysar A. Kosmin B. Keysar A. Who are America’s atheists and agnostics? Secularity and secularism: Contemporary international perspectives 2007 Hartford, CT Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture 33 39

Lowndes V. Wilson D. Social capital and local governance: Exploring the institutional design variable Political Studies 2001 49 629 647 10.1111/1467-9248.00334

Markus G. B. The political environment and the dynamics of public attitudes: A panel study American Journal of Political Science 1979 23 338 359 10.2307/2111006

McCleary R. M. Barro R. Religion and economy Journal of Economic Perspectives 2006 20 2 49 72 10.1257/089533006777640960

Mencken F. Fitz B. Image of god and community volunteering among religious adherents in the United States Review of Religious Research 2013 55 3 491 508 10.1007/s13644-013-0115-4

Merino S. Irreligious socialization? The adult religious preferences of individuals raised with no religion Secularism and Nonreligion 2012 1 1 1 16 10.5334/snr.aa

Miller A. H. Political issues and trust in government: 1964–1970 The American Political Science Review 1974 68 3 951 972 10.2307/1959140

Miller A. H. Listhaug O. Policy preferences and political distrust: A comparison of Norway, Sweden and the United States Scandinavian Political Studies 1998 21 2 161 187 10.1111/j.1467-9477.1998.tb00010.x

Miller W. E. Disinterest, disaffection, and participation in presidential politics Political Behavior 1980 2 1 7 32 10.1007/BF00989754

Mitchell T. Scott W. Leadership failures, the distrusting public, and prospects of the administrative state Public Administration Review 1987 47 6 445 452 10.2307/975885

Newton K. Norris P. Confidence in public institutions: Faith, culture, or performance? 1999 Available from https://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/NEWTON.PDF [Accessed September 1, 2016]

Offe C. Warren M. How can we trust our fellow citizens? Democracy and trust 1999 Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 42 52 10.1017/CBO9780511659959.003

Pew Research Center How Americans feel about religious groups 2014 Available from http://www.pewforum.org/2014/07/16/how-americans-feel-about-religious-groups [Accessed July 24, 2016]

Pew Research Center America’s changing religious landscape 2015a Available from http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape [Accessed July 24, 2016]

Pew Research Center Faith on the Hill: The religious composition of the 114th congress 2015b Available from http://www.pewforum.org/2015/01/05/faith-on-the-hill [Accessed July 26, 2016]

Pew Research Center Negative views of supreme court at record high, driven by Republican dissatisfaction 2015c Available from http://www.people-press.org/2015/07/29/negative-views-of-supreme-court-at-record-high-driven-by-republican-dissatisfaction [Accessed July 26, 2016]

Pew Research Center Religions 2016 Available from http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study [Accessed August 18, 2016]

Putnam R. D. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community 2000 New York Simon & Schuster 10.1145/358916.361990

Putnam R. D. Campbell D. American grace: How religion divides and unites us 2010 New York Simon & Schuster

Rudolph T. Evans J. Political trust, ideology and public support for government spending American Journal of Political Science 2005 49 3 660 671 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00148.x

Sherkat D. E. Changing faith 2014 New York New York University Press 10.18574/nyu/9780814741269.001.0001

Siegrist M. Trust and confidence: The difficulties in distinguishing the two concepts in research Risk Analysis 2010 30 7 1022 1024 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01454.x

Smidt C. E. Wilson J. Evangelical and mainline Protestants at the turn of the millennium: Taking stock and looking forward From Pews to Polling Places: Faith and Politics in the American Religious Mosaic 2007 Washington D.C. Georgetown University Press 29 51

Steinfels P. Noll M. Harlow L. Roman Catholicism and American politics Religion and American politics: From the colonial period to the present 2007 2nd ed New York Oxford University Press 345 366

Tyler T. R. Policing in black and white: Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police Police Quarterly 2005 8 3 322 342 10.1177/1098611104271105

Weaver C. Confidence of Mexican Americans in major institutions in the United States Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2003 25 4 501 512 10.1177/0739986303258128

Welch M. R. Sikkink D. Sartain E. Bond C. Trust in god and trust in man: The ambivalent role of religion in shaping dimensions of social trust Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 2004 43 3 317 343 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2004.00238.x

Wolfinger N. H. Wilcox B. Happily ever after? Religion, marital status, gender, and relationship quality in urban families Social Forces 2008 86 1311 1337 10.1353/sof.0.0023

World Values Survey Association Waves 3–6 1994–2014 Available at http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org [Accessed May 12, 2016]

Zmerli S. Political confidence in Europe Presented at the 20th IPSA World Conference 2006 Fukuoka, Japan

Zuckerman P. Atheism, secularity, and well-being: How the findings of social science counter negative stereotypes and assumptions Sociology Compass 2009 3 6 949 971 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2009.00247.x

Zuckerman P. Faith no more: Why people reject religion 2012a New York Oxford University Press

Zuckerman P. Contrasting irreligious orientations: Atheism and secularity in the USA and Scandinavia Approaching Religion 2012b 2 1 8 20

Zuckerman P. Living the secular life: New answers to old questions 2014 East Rutherford, NJ Penguin Group

Zuckerman P. Galen L. Pasquale F. The nonreligious: Understanding secular people and societies 2016 New York Oxford University Press 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924950.001.0001v