Table 1
Fit Index Values1 for the Different Models Tested (n = 1,343)
| Models | χ2 | df | Normed χ2 | SRMR | RMSEA | RMSEA 90% CI | GFI | CFI | AIC | BCC | ECVI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model A | 3570.29 | 1055 | 3.38 | .071 | .042 | .041–.044 | .89 | .67 | 3812.29 | 3821.46 | 2.84 |
| Model B | 3102.35 | 1050 | 2.95 | .048 | .038 | .037–.040 | .90 | .73 | 3354.35 | 3363.90 | 2.50 |
| Model C | 3687.20 | 1056 | 3.49 | .062 | .043 | .042–.045 | .89 | .66 | 3927.20 | 3936.30 | 2.93 |
| Model D | 3268.21 | 1055 | 3.10 | .051 | .040 | .038–.041 | .90 | .71 | 3510.21 | 3519.38 | 2.62 |
| Model E | 2047.41 | 640 | 3.20 | .044 | .040 | .039–.042 | .92 | .77 | 2249.41 | 2255.45 | 1.68 |
| Model F | 3158.63 | 1051 | 3.00 | .049 | .039 | .037–.040 | .90 | .73 | 3408.63 | 3418.11 | 2.54 |
| Model G | 3292.86 | 1052 | 3.13 | .097 | .040 | .038–.041 | .90 | .71 | 3540.86 | 3550.26 | 2.64 |
[i] 1 Acceptable values of fit: Normed X2<3; SRMR<.08; RMSEA<.05; GFI>.80; CFI>.90; AIC, BCC and ECV=the lower value.
df = degrees of freedom; SRMR = Standardized Root Mean Square Residual; RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; GFI = Goodness of Fit Index; CFI = Comparative Fit Index; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BCC = Browne-Cudeck Criterion; ECVI = Expected Cross-Validation Index. Model B (in bold characters) is the best-fitting model.
Table 2
Descriptive Statistics and Cronbach’s Alpha for Each Scale of Model B and Other Constructs (n = 1,343)
| Dimensions | Items | Minimum | Maximum | M | SD | α |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social interaction (fear) | 12 | 0.00 | 30.00 | 6.86 | 5.70 | .84 |
| Social interaction (avoidance) | 12 | 0.00 | 33.00 | 7.00 | 5.91 | .81 |
| Performance (fear) | 12 | 0.00 | 32.00 | 6.96 | 5.72 | .82 |
| Performance (avoidance) | 12 | 0.00 | 35.00 | 7.34 | 6.60 | .82 |
| STAIC-T | 20 | 20.00 | 60.00 | 35.07 | 7.31 | .84 |
| CES-D | 20 | 0.00 | 58.00 | 14.21 | 9.72 | .88 |
[i] M = mean; SD = standard deviation; α = Cronbach’s alpha; STAIC-T = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children – Trait version; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
Table 3
Bivariate Correlations between Scales, Subscales and Other Psychological Constructs (n = 1,343)
| Dimensions | SI (F) | SI (AV) | P (F) | P (AV) | F (SI+P) | AV (SI+P) | LSAS-CA-SR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SI (F) | 1.00 | .65 | .70 | .43 | .92 | .58 | .82 |
| SI (AV) | 1.00 | .48 | .69 | .61 | .91 | .84 | |
| P (F) | 1.00 | .60 | .92 | .59 | .83 | ||
| P (AV) | 1.00 | .56 | .92 | .83 | |||
| F (SI+P) | 1.00 | .64 | .89 | ||||
| AV (SI+P) | 1.00 | .91 | |||||
| STAIC-T | .45* | .34* | .47* | .32 | .50 | .36 | .47 |
| CES-D | .37 | .28 | .41 | .31 | .42 | .32 | .40 |
[i] SI = social interaction; P = performance; F = fear; AV = avoidance.
All correlations are statistically significant with ps < .001.
*The STAIC-T correlated significantly more than the CES-D with these subscales.
| Peur ou anxiété | Evitement | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 = Aucune | 0 = Jamais | ||||||||
| 1 = Légère | 1 = Occasionnel | ||||||||
| 2 = Moyenne | 2 = Fréquent | ||||||||
| 3 = Sévère | 3 = Habituel | ||||||||
| 1. | Parler à tes camarades de classe ou à d’autres personnes au téléphone. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2. | Participer à des groupes de travail en classe. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 3. | Manger devant les autres (par exemple à la cafétéria de l’école, au restaurant). | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 4. | Demander de l’aide à un adulte que tu ne connais pas bien, comme un employé de magasin, un directeur ou un policier (par exemple pour demander ton chemin ou t’expliquer quelque chose que tu ne comprends pas). | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 5. | Faire un rapport oral ou une présentation en classe (par exemple un exposé). | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 6. | Aller à des fêtes, des soirées dansantes, ou activités scolaires. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 7. | Ecrire au tableau ou devant d’autres personnes. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 8. | Parler avec d’autres jeunes que tu ne connais pas bien. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 9. | Commencer une conversation avec des gens que tu ne connais pas bien. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 10. | Utiliser les toilettes publiques ou celles de l’école. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 11. | Entrer dans une classe ou dans un autre endroit (par exemple l’église, la cafétéria) quand d’autres personnes sont déjà assises. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 12. | Etre le centre d’attention (par exemple ta propre fête d’anniversaire). | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 13. | Poser des questions en classe. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 14. | Répondre à des questions en classe. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 15. | Lire à haute voix en classe. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 16. | Passer des tests. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 17. | Dire “non” aux autres quand ils te demandent de faire quelque chose que tu ne veux pas faire (comme t’emprunter quelque chose ou regarder tes devoirs). | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 18. | Dire à d’autres que tu es en désaccord ou que tu es en colère contre eux. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 19. | Regarder des gens que tu ne connais pas bien dans les yeux. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 20. | Rapporter quelque chose dans un magasin (par exemple pour l’échanger). | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 21. | Pratiquer un sport ou réaliser une performance devant d’autres personnes (par exemple, cours de gymnastique, spectacle à l’école, concert musical). | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 22. | Rejoindre un club ou une organisation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 23. | Rencontrer de nouvelles personnes ou des étrangers. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 24. | Demander à un professeur la permission de quitter la classe (comme pour aller à la toilette ou à l’infirmerie). | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Model | Factor(s) | Items | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Performance situations | 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24 | Masia-Warner et al. (2003) |
| Social interaction situations | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 | ||
| B | Fear/anxiety in performance situations | 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24 | Masia-Warner et al.
(2003) Storch et al. (2006) Olivares et al. (2009) |
| Fear/anxiety in social interaction situations | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 | ||
| Avoidance in performance situations | 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24 | ||
| Avoidance in social interaction situations | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 | ||
| C | Global social anxiety | All (1–24 for fear/anxiety and avoidance) | Masia-Warner et al. (2003) |
| D | Fear/anxiety | All (1–24 for fear/anxiety) | Masia-Warner et al.
(2003) Lopez-Pina et al. (2008) Olivares et al. (2009) |
| Avoidance | All (1–24 for avoidance) | ||
| E | Fear/anxiety in social situations | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 | Storch et al. (2006) |
| Fear/anxiety in school performance situations | 7, 13, 14, 15, 24 | ||
| Avoidance in social situations | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23 | ||
| Avoidance in school performance situations | 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 | ||
| F | Fear/anxiety in performance situations | 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24 | Masia-Warner et al. (2003) |
| Fear/anxiety in social interaction situations | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 | ||
| Avoidance in performance situations | 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24 | ||
| Avoidance in social interaction situations | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 | ||
| Fear/anxiety | All (1–24 for fear/anxiety) | ||
| Avoidance | All (1–24 for avoidance) | ||
| G | Fear/anxiety in performance situations | 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24 | Masia-Warner et al. (2003) |
| Fear/anxiety in social interaction situations | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 | ||
| Avoidance in performance situations | 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24 | ||
| Avoidance in social interaction situations | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 | ||
| Global social anxiety | All (1–24 for fear/anxiety and avoidance) |
| Items | Latent facets | Loadings |
|---|---|---|
| i1-fear / i1-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .49/.50 |
| i4-fear / i4-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .54/.55 |
| i6-fear / i6-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .52/.51 |
| i8-fear / i8-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .79/.78 |
| i9-fear / i9-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .76/.76 |
| i12-fear / i12-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .48/.49 |
| i17-fear / i17-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .55/.50 |
| i18-fear / i18-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .57/.58 |
| i19-fear / i19-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .48/.46 |
| i20-fear / i20-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .52/.47 |
| i22-fear / i22-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .53/.53 |
| i23-fear / i23-avoidance | Social Interaction (fear) / Social interaction (avoidance) | .65/.60 |
| i2-fear / i2-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .60/.57 |
| i3-fear / i3-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .41/.52 |
| i5-fear / i5-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .60/.56 |
| i7-fear / i7-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .56/.58 |
| i10-fear / i10-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .30/.25 |
| i11-fear / i11-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .52/.54 |
| i13-fear / i13-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .78/.77 |
| i14-fear / i14-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .79/.78 |
| i15-fear / i15-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .62/.64 |
| i16-fear / i16-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .45/.53 |
| i21-fear / i21-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .54/.56 |
| i24-fear / i24-avoidance | Performance (fear) / Performance (avoidance) | .56/.52 |