Table 1
Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Fit Indices (Sample 2)
| Model | χ2 | df | NX2 | CFI | RMSEA | SRMR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One factor (i.e., loneliness) | 189.868*** | 20 | 9.49 | .891 | .086 | .043 |
| Two factors (i.e., positive/negative) | 106.829*** | 19 | 5.62 | .944 | .064 | .039 |
| Three factors (i.e., loneliness, positive, negative) | 14.664 | 11 | 1.33 | .998 | .017 | .013 |
[i] Note. NX2 = Normed chi-square; CFI = Comparative fit index; RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; SRMR = Standardized Root Mean Square Residual. N = 1,144.*** p < .001.
Table 2
Factor Loadings of the Three-Factor Solution (Sample 2)
| Item | Global factor | Negative items
(lonely) | Positive items
(not lonely) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | .39 a | XX | .52 a |
| 2 | .70*** | .02 | XX |
| 3 | .63*** | XX | .24* |
| 4 | .41*** | XX | .70*** |
| 5 | .38*** | .21 a | XX |
| 6 | .49*** | .70*** | XX |
| 7 | .50*** | .62*** | XX |
| 8 | .34*** | XX | .62*** |
[i] Note. Items with superscript a are reference items within their factor. Therefore, their standard error is constrained to zero by default. As a result, their significance level cannot be determined. Correlations of the global factor with the method factors (i.e., negative vs. positive items) were constrained to zero. The correlation between the two method factors was not significant. Reverse coded items were recoded before the analyses. * p < .05. *** p < .001.
Table 3
Construct Validity: Correlations With Indicators of Psychological Adaptation and Maladaptation (Sample 3)
| Scale/Measure | N items | (1)
Original correlation (20 items) | (2)
Inferred attenuated correlation (8 items) | (3)
Observed correlation (8 items) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicators of maladaptation | ||||
| Loneliness self-labelling index | 1 | .70 | .65 | .68 |
| Depressive symptoms | 12 | .55 | .52 | .53 |
| Suicidal ideation | 1 | .35 | .32 | .26 |
| Indicators of adaptation | ||||
| Self-esteem | 10 | -.49 | -.46 | -.51 |
| Life satisfaction | 1 | -.53 | -.50 | -.47 |
| Positive attitude towards future | 6 | -.36 | -.34 | -.35 |
[i] Note. All correlations are significant at p < .001. Ns range between 4,266 and 4,551.