Table 1
English and French versions of the FAD-plus.
| English Version | French Version | |
|---|---|---|
| Free Will | Libre arbitre | |
| 4 | People have complete control over the decisions they make | Les gens ont un contrôle complet sur les décisions qu’ils prennent |
| 8 | People must take full responsibility for any bad choices they make | Les gens doivent endosser la pleine responsabilité des mauvais choix qu’ils ont fait |
| 12 | People can overcome any obstacles if they truly want to | Les gens peuvent surmonter tous les obstacles s’ils en ont vraiment envie |
| 16 | Criminals are totally responsible for the bad things they do | Les criminels sont totalement responsables des mauvaises actions qu’ils ont faites |
| 21 | People have complete free will | Les gens disposent d’un libre-arbitre complet |
| 23 | People are always at fault for their bad behavior | Les gens sont toujours en tort pour leur mauvais comportement |
| 26 | Strength of mind can always overcome the body’s desire | La force de l’esprit peut toujours surmonter les désirs du corps |
| Scientific Determinism | Déterminisme Scientifique | |
| 2 | People’s biological makeup determines their talents and personality | La constitution biologique des personnes détermine leurs talents et leur personnalité |
| 6 | Psychologists and psychiatrists will eventually figure out all human behavior | Les psychologues et les psychiatres finiront par comprendre tout le comportement humain |
| 10 | Your genes determine your future | Tes gènes déterminent ton avenir |
| 14 | Science has shown how your past environment created your current intelligence and personality | La science a montré comment ton environnement passé a créé ton intelligence et ta personnalité |
| 18 | As with other animals, human behavior always follows the laws of nature | Comme pour les autres animaux, le comportement humain suit toujours les lois de la nature |
| 22 | Parent’s character will determine the character of their children | Le caractère des parents détermine celui de leur enfant |
| 24 | Childhood environment will determine your success as an adult | L’environnement que tu as eu pendant ton enfance détermine ton succès en tant qu’adulte |
| Fatalistic Determinism | Déterminisme Fataliste | |
| 1 | I believe that the future has already been determine by fate | Je crois que l’avenir est déterminé par le sort |
| 5 | No matter how hard you try, you can’t change your destiny | Quelques soient les efforts que vous faites, vous ne pouvez pas changer votre destin |
| 9 | Fate already has a plan for everyone | Le destin est déjà planifié pour chacun |
| 13 | Whatever will be, will be-there’s not much you can do about it | Ce qui doit arriver arrivera, il n’y a pas grande chose que tu puisses faire |
| 17 | Whether people like it or not, mysterious forces seem move their lives | Que les gens aiment cela ou pas, des forces mystérieuses influencent leurs vies |
| Unpredictability | Imprédictibilité | |
| 3 | Chance events seem to be the major cause of human history | Les évènements dus au hasard semblent être la cause majeure de l’histoire de l’humanité |
| 7 | No one can predict what will happen in this world | Personne ne peut prédire ce qui va arriver dans ce monde |
| 11 | Life seems unpredictable-just like throwing dice or flipping a coin | La vie semble imprévisible, comme lancer un dé ou jouer à pile ou face |
| 15 | People are unpredictable | Les gens sont imprévisibles |
| 19 | Life is hard to predict because it is almost totally random | La vie est difficile à prédire car elle est presque entièrement aléatoire |
| 20 | Luck plays a big role in people’s lives | La chance joue un rôle important dans la vie des personnes |
| 25 | What happens to people is a matter of chance | Ce qui arrive aux gens est une question de hasard |
| 27 | People’s future cannot be predicted | L’avenir des gens ne peut pas être prédit |
Table 2
Means scores across gender.
| Sample 1 | Sample 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | Males | Females | |||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| FW | 3.21 | .61 | 3.16 | .60 | 3.05 | .77 | 3.26 | .65 |
| SD | 2.88 | .51 | 2.74 | .55 | 2.86 | .51 | 2.73 | .62 |
| FD | 1.85 | .66 | 2.07 | .73 | 1.95 | .86 | 1.94 | .71 |
| UN | 3.08 | .61 | 3.18 | .59 | 3.01 | .66 | 3.11 | .61 |
[i] Note: FW = Free Will; SD = Scientific Determinism; FD = Fatalistic Determinism; UN = Unpredictability.
Table 3
Pattern matrix from the exploratory factor analysis in Sample 1.
| Fatalistic Determinism | Free Will | Unpredictability | ScientificDeterminism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9. Fate already has a plan for everyone | .80 | .10 | .05 | –.04 |
| 5. No matter how hard you try, you can’t change your destiny | .72 | –.06 | .04 | .06 |
| 13. Whatever will be, will be-there’s not much you can do about it | .64 | .03 | –.14 | .02 |
| 1. I believe that the future has already been determine by fate | .60 | –.11 | –.11 | .10 |
| 17. Whether people like it or not, mysterious forces seem move their lives | .60 | .06 | –.04 | –.10 |
| 16. Criminals are totally responsible for the bad things they do | .04 | .65 | –.01 | .03 |
| 21. People have complete free will | –.07 | .64 | .00 | –.06 |
| 12. People can overcome any obstacles if they truly want to | .04 | .60 | –.04 | –.14 |
| 23. People are always at fault for their bad behavior | .03 | .59 | –.01 | .10 |
| 4. People have complete control over the decisions they make | –.07 | .58 | .11 | .02 |
| 8. People must take full responsibility for any bad choices they make | –.06 | .56 | .00 | .13 |
| 26. Strength of mind can always overcome the body’s desire | .07 | .45 | –.05 | .00 |
| 19. Life is hard to predict because it is almost totally random | .04 | .08 | –.72 | –.05 |
| 11. Life seems unpredictable-just like throwing dice or flipping a coin | .12 | –.02 | –.70 | –.04 |
| 25. What happens to people is a matter of chance | .15 | –.05 | –.60 | .09 |
| 3. Chance events seem to be the major cause of human history | .02 | –.15 | –.53 | .20 |
| 27. People’s future cannot be predicted | –.38 | –.00 | –.53 | –.06 |
| 7. No one can predict what will happen in this world | –.09 | .12 | –.51 | –.05 |
| 20. Luck plays a big role in people’s lives | .13 | –.11 | –.49 | .18 |
| 15. People are unpredictable | .15 | .22 | –.44 | –.18 |
| 2. People’s biological makeup determines their talents and personality | .07 | –.12 | .05 | .70 |
| 10. Your genes determine your future | .20 | –.05 | .20 | .60 |
| 22. Parent’s character will determine the character of their children | –.06 | 0.7 | –.08 | .60 |
| 24. Childhood environment will determine your success as an adult | –.01 | –.04 | –.09 | .57 |
| 14. Science has shown how your past environment created your current intelligence and personality | –.13 | .18 | –.18 | .49 |
| 18. As with other animals, human behavior always follows the laws of nature | .09 | .24 | –.07 | .26 |
| 6. Psychologists and psychiatrists will eventually figure out all human behavior | .01 | .16 | .09 | .24 |
Figure 1
On the top, graphical representation of the model of Paulhus & Carey (2011) and on the bottom, graphical representation of our final model for the Frensh Translation.
Table 4
Fit Indices Sample 1 and Sample 2.
| Fit Indices | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 Paulhus & Carey (2011)’s Model | Sample 2 Model 1 | Sample 2 Model 2 | Sample 2 Model 3 | |
| χ2 | 575.78 | 412.115 | 290.449 | 249.33 |
| df | 318 | 269 | 203 | 178 |
| CMIN/df | 1.811 | 1.828 | 1.823 | 1.401 |
| AGFI | .784 | .795 | .807 | .860 |
| CFI | .755 | .779 | .819 | .920 |
| RMSEA | .065 | .065 | .065 | .045 |
| 90% IC | .056 – .073 | .056 – .074 | .054–.076 | .037–.058 |
| Pclose | .003 | .004 | .011 | .707 |
| AIC | 749.78 | 653.69 | 469.99 | 355.33 |
[i] Note: χ2 = Chi squared; df = degrees of freedom; CMIN/df = minimum discrepancy/degrees of freedom; AGFI = Adjusted Goodness of Fit; CFI = Comparative Fit Index; RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; 90% IC = RMSEA 90% Interval Confidence. Values in Bold reach acceptability, following literature.