Attachment Styles, Perceived Stress and Social Support in a Malaysian Young Adults Sample

Siamak Khodarahimi; Intan H.M. Hashim; Norzarina Mohd-Zaharim

doi:10.5334/pb.320

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Rotated Component Matrix of Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ).

Items	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	.087	–.395	–.313	–.203	.628	–.290	.156	–.366	–.320
2	–.130	–.223	–.570	–.332	.700	–.208	–.038	–.096	.020
3	–.200	–.458	–.362	.197	.031	.739	–.302	.127	–.069
5	–.304	–.404	–.354	.649	.107	–.278	–.294	–.087	–.286
7	–.310	–.269	–.086	.510	.099	–.288	.083	–.073	.170
8	–.473	–.411	.535	–.041	.159	.109	.017	–.064	.119
10	–.513	–.324	–.224	–.338	–.143	–.240	.340	.202	–.034
11	–.210	.811	–.336	–.289	–.191	.173	.247	–.248	.126
12	–.166	–.414	.210	.076	–.136	.145	–.461	.422	–.336
13	.110	.079	–.132	.601	–.059	.026	.133	–.205	–.330
14	–.078	–.058	.689	–.367	.218	–.117	–.317	–.541	–.208
15	–.127	.149	.733	–.367	.119	–.226	–.212	–.230	–.219
16	–.309	–.124	.488	–.162	–.437	–.263	–.355	.236	–.227
17	–.235	–.341	.146	–.409	–.198	–.243	–.235	.653	–.318
18	.520	.154	.122	–.386	.131	–.083	–.180	–.268	–.212
19	.606	–.347	–.314	–.189	–.207	.124	–.154	–.354	.118
20	.661	–.429	.093	–.336	.015	–.125	–.237	.060	–.178
21	–.138	.832	–.252	.218	–.282	–.221	–.068	–.327	.120
22	.654	–.322	.158	–.185	–.458	–.074	–.035	–.209	–.230
23	–.197	.558	–.306	–.262	–.309	.046	.059	–.344	.110
24	.613	–.206	.049	–.209	–.178	–.156	–.052	–.059	–.060
25	.177	.012	–.366	.163	.144	–.375	–.086	.631	–.278
26	.136	–.257	.240	–.028	.620	–.029	–.049	–.266	.215
27	.162	–.348	.377	–.058	–.256	–.364	.099	–.276	.715
29	–.295	.422	.026	.056	–.178	.120	–.234	.087	–.026
30	–.496	.025	.138	–.156	.144	.126	.129	–.483	.617

Table 2

Factors and Items.

Factors	Items	Cumulative %
1. Dismissing	18, 19, 20, 22, 24	17.25
2. Preoccupied with Romance	11, 21, 23, 29	28.71
3. Preoccupied with Close relationships	8, 14, 15, 16	34.94
4. Fearful	5, 7, 13	40.77
5. Preoccupied with Dependency	1, 2, 26	45.67
6. Secure Emotional	3	50.34
7. Preoccupied with Mistrust	10	54.21
8. Preoccupied with Mistrust	12, 17, 25	57.86
9. Mutual Secure	27, 30	61.25

Table 3

Attachment Styles, Perceived Stress and Social Support Correlations.

Variables	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	PSST
1. Dismissing	.261^**	.203^**	.405^**	.273^**	–.035	.182^**	.295^**	–.012	.196^*	–.231^**	–.194^**	–.168^**	–.250^**
2. Preoccupied with romance		.414^**	.207^**	–.051	–.137^*	.256^**	.257^**	–.134^*	.227^**	.095	–.139^*	.024	–.016
3. Preoccupied with close relationships			.106	–.020	–.198^**	.182^**	.304^**	–.251^**	.236^**	.106	–.039	.055	.048
4. Fearful				.190^**	–.051	.016	.323^**	–.168^**	.261^**	–.235^**	–.180^**	–.233^**	–.263^**
5. Preoccupied with dependency					–.091	–.153^**	.138^*	.016	.092	–.149^**	.003	–.170^**	–.123^*
6. Secure emotional						.072	.013	.328^**	.135	.311^**	.254^**	.268^**	.354^**
7. Comfortable depending							.067	.069	.081	–.064	–.099	.017	–.065
8. Preoccupied with mistrust								–.072	.257^**	–.198^**	–.115^*	–.204^**	–.219^**
9. Mutual secure									–.147	.341^**	.187^**	.406^**	.381^**
10. Stress										–.230^**	–.172^*	–.176^*	–.242^**
11. Society support											.495^**	.609^**	.874^**
12. Friends support												.403^**	.763^**
15. Family support													.819^**

Note: *p ≤ .05, **p ≤ .01. PPST = Perceived Social Support Total.

Table 4

Predictors for Perceived Stress and Social Support in the Total Sample and by Attachment Styles.

Dependents	Predictors	R	R²	β	t	p
Perceived-stress	Dismissing	.450	.202	–.017	–.182	.856
	Preoccupied with romance			.103	1.242	.216
	Preoccupied with close relationships			.125	1.463	.145
	Fearful			.113	1.271	.206
	Preoccupied with dependency			.033	.421	.674
Secure emotional			.196	2.402	.018
Comfortable depending			.022	.285	.776
Preoccupied with mistrust			.192	2.052	.042
Mutual secure			–.231	–2.780	.006
Perceived-social support	Dismissing	.578	.332	–.095	–1.593	.112
	Preoccupied with romance			.030	.526	.599
	Preoccupied with close relationships			.074	1.275	.203
	Fearful			–.062	–1.057	.291
	Preoccupied with dependency			–.011	–.199	.843
Secure emotional			.274	5.159	.000
Comfortable depending			–.091	–1.742	.083
Preoccupied with mistrust			–.275	–4.479	.000
Mutual secure			.216	3.852	.000

Table 5

Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Perceived Social Support Means and Standard Deviations by Gender, Ethnicity and Religion.

M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Dismissing	13.68	4.04	11.57	3.37	11.21	3.21	13.08	3.61	13	5.15	11.46	3.44	13.33	3.55	13.73	4.39
Preoccupied with romance	11.71	3.89	11.93	3.66	11.35	4.10	12.22	3.25	13.62	3.06	11.46	14.14	12.01	4.46	12.42	2.81
Preoccupied with close relationships	13.29	3.22	12.40	3.01	12.17	3.21	13.20	2.96	12.87	3.27	12.31	3.15	13.14	3.00	13.22	2.71
Fearful	9.18	2.62	9.03	2.33	9.15	2.43	8.91	2.38	9.50	3.16	9.11	2.40	8.88	2.37	9.31	2.68
Preoccupied with dependency	10.91	2.28	9.92	2.26	10.20	2.24	10.24	2.07	10.25	2.96	10.07	2.33	10.27	2.03	10.63	2.43
Secure emotional	3.10	1.04	3.41	1.10	3.39	1.12	3.2.	1.11	4.37	.74	3.40	1.09	3.12	1.12	3.52	.96
Comfortable depending	2.46	1.06	2.52	2.24	2.17	1.00	3.16	3.32	2.25	1.28	2.23	1.04	3.22	3.54	2.63	1.06
Preoccupied with mistrust	8.91	2.24	8.82	3.57	8.69	4.08	9.00	2.41	7.75	1.83	8.75	3.68	8.89	2.35	9.52	2.48
Mutual secure	6.42	1.67	6.43	1.57	6.55	1.63	6.25	1.50	6.75	2.12	6.52	1.16	6.12	1.52	6.52	1.61
Perceived stress	91.17	18.84	89.25	18.29	93.23	18.91	86.42	17.22	66.50	26.74	91.45	18.91	86.85	16.88	85.61	18.64
Society support	19.07	5.66	22.61	5.04	22.38	5.15	21.08	5.73	24.00	3.89	22.19	5.20	20.62	5.82	22.63	4.77
Friends support	18.48	4.93	20.43	4.50	20.53	4.58	19.69	4.88	21.37	3.33	20.21	4.52	19.48	4.62	19.94	6.09
Family support	21.86	4.26	23.14	4.63	23.45	4.37	21.48	5.14	25.37	1.92	23.40	4.21	21.40	4.96	22.63	5.61
Perceived social support	59.67	12.50	66.22	11.37	66.54	11.61	62.40	12.71	70.75	4.86	65.92	11.48	61.59	12.69	65.21	11.59

Note: Male = 67, Female = 241, Malay = 152, Chinese = 91, Others = 8, Muslim = 210, Buddhist = 79, Christian = 19.