Figure 1
The Quadruple process model (Quad model). Each path represents a likelihood. Parameters with lines leading to them are conditional upon all preceding parameters. The table on the right side of the figure depicts correct (√) and incorrect (X) responses as a function of process pattern and trial type (for ‘‘female’’ targets). The guessing bias in this figure refers to guessing with the positive (pleasant) key (Adapted from Gonsalkorale et al., 2014).
Table 1
Parameter Estimates for Gender IAT.
| Estimate [95% Confidence Intervals] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Urban women | Rural women | |
| AC | Male/bad | .05 [.03–.07] | .08 [.05–.10] |
| Female/good | .06 [.05–.08] | .09 [.06–.11] | |
| OB | .41 [.16–.66] | .81 [.63–.99] | |
| D | .94 [.93–.95] | .92 [.91–.93] | |
| G | .41 [.34–.49] | .51 [.44–.59] | |
Note. AC = Activation of Associations; D = Detection; G = Guessing; OB = Overcoming Bias.
Table 2
Parameter Estimates for Gender IAT in replication study.
| Estimate [Confidence Intervals] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Urban women | Rural women | |
| AC | Male/bad | .09 [.05–.12] | .13 [.09–.16] |
| Female/good | .08 [.05–.12] | .08 [.04–.11] | |
| OB | .40 [.04–.76] | .81 [.61–1.02] | |
| D | .91 [.89–.93] | .91 [.89–.93] | |
| G | .55 [.44–.65] | .54 [.45–.64] | |
Note. AC = Activation of Associations; D = Detection; G = Guessing; OB = Overcoming Bias.
Table 3
Magnitude of Gender Differences as a Function of measures (K = 2).
| Measure | ES | 95% Conf. Interval | Heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|
| IAT effect | 0.87** | 0.55–1.19 | 0.28 |
| AC (Female/good) | 0.01 | 0.00–0.02 | 0.43 |
| AC (Male/bad) | 0.02 | 0.00–0.03 | 0.10 |
| OB | 0.02** | 0.01–0.04 | 0.06 |
| D | 0.02 | 0.00–0.03 | 1.25 |
| G | 0.01 | 0.00–0.02 | 0.91 |
Note. K represents the number of effect sizes (ES).
** Significance tests of ES = 0, p < .01.