The Factor Structure, Predictors, and Percentile Norms of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale in the Dutch-speaking Adult Population of Belgium

Figures & Tables

Percentage of Distribution of Age, Gender, and Education Level in the Sample (n = 821).

Gender	Education Level	Age						Total
Gender	Education Level	18–24	25–34	35–44	45–54	55–64	65–74	Total
Female	Low	3.90	3.90	4.75	7.80	4.26	5.48	30.09
	High	2.68	5.12	5.24	3.78	2.80	1.58	21.19
Male	Low	4.38	5.72	4.14	7.92	4.75	3.29	30.21
	High	2.31	4.14	3.78	4.14	2.68	1.46	18.51
Total		13.28	18.88	17.90	23.63	14.49	11.81	100.00

Summary of the Goodness-of-Fit Indices of the CES-D Models.

Model		χ²	df	RMSEA	90% CI	CFI	TLI
1.	One-factor	1360.029	170	0.092	(0.087, 0.096)	0.882	0.868
2.	Two-factor	690.940	169	0.061	(0.056, 0.066)	0.948	0.942
3.	Three-factor	559.522	167	0.053	(0.048, 0.058)	0.961	0.956
4.	Four-factor	472.141	164	0.047	(0.042, 0.052)	0.969	0.965
5a.	Second-order	490.122	166	0.048	(0.043, 0.053)	0.968	0.963
5b.	Second-order with correlated errors	339.865	163	0.036	(0.031, 0.041)	0.982	0.980

[i] Note. CI = Confidence interval.

Parameter Estimates and Statistics for the Covariates of Depression from the MIMIC Model.

Covariate	Estimate	S.E.	Z-value	P(>\|z\|)
Age	−0.006	0.002	−2.385	0.017
Gender	−0.397	0.080	−4.986	0.000
Education Level	−0.265	0.082	−3.229	0.001
Relation Status	−0.446	0.102	−4.365	0.000
Family History of Depression	0.171	0.089	1.927	0.054

Percentiles of the CES-D Scores for Subgroups of Gender by Education Level for Dutch-Speaking Belgian Adults Population.