Table 1
Socio-demographic characteristics.
| M (SD) | MIN-MAX | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 35 (14.45) | 22–65 | |
| n (%) | |||
| Gender | Women | 19 (47.5) | |
| Men | 20 (50) | ||
| “Other” | 1 (2.5) | ||
Table 2
Correlations between Desire for Control and Sense of Presence.
| PERFECTIONISM1 | EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE | INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLOBAL | CMD | PEC | PS | O | |||
| Global Sense of Presence | 0.15 | –0.01 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.35* | 0.21 |
| Place illusion | –0.05 | –0.11 | –0.14 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.01 | –0.14 |
| Plausibility illusion | 0.11 | –0.08 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.26 |
| Co-presence illusion | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.39* | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.19 |
| Social Presence illusion | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.34* | 0.21 |
[i] * p < 0.05.
1 CMD = concerns over mistakes and doubts, PEC = Parental expectations and criticism, PS = Personal standards, O = Organization.
Table 3
Correlations between Big Five personality traits1 and Sense of Presence.
| O | C | E | A | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Sense of Presence | 0.01 | 0.29 | –0.03 | –0.09 | –0.04 |
| Place illusion | 0.29 | 0.37* | 0.13 | 0.12 | –0.22 |
| Plausibility illusion | –0.19 | 0.37* | –0.02 | –0.13 | –0.07 |
| Co-presence illusion | 0.04 | 0.10 | –0.01 | 0.0004 | 0.15 |
| Social Presence illusion | –0.04 | 0.09 | 0.03 | –0.16 | –0.06 |
[i] * p < 0.05.
Table 4
Results of comparisons of State Anxiety Levels and Cybersickness Symptoms between pre- and post-immersive phases through Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
| PRE-IMMERSION | POST-IMMERSION | S | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
| State Anxiety Levels (%) | 18.65 | 26.92 | 5.90 | 10.32 | –165.5 | <0.0001 |
| Global cybersickness | 6.53 | 6.65 | 21.23 | 5.59 | 391 | <0.0001 |
| Oculo-motor symptoms | 4.53 | 3.78 | 10.30 | 3.57 | 408 | <0.0001 |
| Nausea-type symptoms | 2 | 3.38 | 10.93 | 2.57 | 406.5 | <0.0001 |
Figure 1
Theoretical model of the impact of the need for control on the sense of presence.