Table 1
Socio-demographic and clinical variables of the sample (N = 1,555).
| MEAN | SD | RANGE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 20.09 | 1.86 | 17–25 |
| Binge Drinking score | 18.34 | 15.65 | 3.33–134 |
| Consumption speed | 2.15 | 1.37 | 0.33–7.00 |
| Drunkenness episodes (6-month) | 4.41 | 8.68 | 0–100 |
| Drunkenness ratio (6-month) | 26.77 | 23.92 | 10–100 |
| AUDIT Total score | 6.42 | 4.65 | 1–28 |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 6.12 | 4.91 | 1–31 |
| STAI-Trait | 44.31 | 10.80 | 21–79 |
| Negative urgency | 9.04 | 2.88 | 4–16 |
| Positive urgency | 10.34 | 2.59 | 4–16 |
| Premeditation (lack of) | 7.35 | 2.35 | 4–16 |
| Perseverance (lack of) | 7.33 | 2.46 | 4–16 |
| Sensation Seeking | 9.79 | 3.03 | 4–16 |
| DERS Non-Acceptance | 12.59 | 5.64 | 6–30 |
| DERS Goals | 14.60 | 5.12 | 5–25 |
| DERS Impulse | 11.64 | 4.93 | 6–30 |
| DERS Awarness | 16.32 | 4.43 | 6–30 |
| DERS Strategies | 18.10 | 6.95 | 8–40 |
| DERS Clarity | 10.81 | 3.91 | 5–25 |
| DERS Total score | 84.06 | 20.97 | 36–163 |
[i] Note: Data are presented as Mean (SD); BD: binge drinking; AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; DERS: Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale.
Table 2
Bivariate correlations made in the whole sample (N = 1,555) between core characteristics of BD, clinical characteristics, impulsivity and emotion dysregulation dimensions scores.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Speed1 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 Drunkenness2 | .42** | ||||||||||||||||
| 3 Drunkenness ratio | .51** | .61** | |||||||||||||||
| 4 Sex | .34** | .21** | .15** | ||||||||||||||
| 5 Age | –.07** | .01 | –.004 | –.02 | |||||||||||||
| 6 BDI3 | .05 | –.04 | .03 | –.11** | –.09** | ||||||||||||
| 7 STAI4 | –.03 | –.06* | .02 | –.21** | –.07** | .73** | |||||||||||
| 8 NU5 | .02 | –.003 | .04 | –.13** | –.11** | .25** | .38** | ||||||||||
| 9 PU6 | .16** | .14** | .15** | –.02 | –.10** | .14** | .23** | .54** | |||||||||
| 10 PREM7 | .14** | .17** | .14** | .006 | –.02 | .08** | .09** | .24** | .27** | ||||||||
| 11 PERSE8 | .07** | .05* | .06* | .02 | –.007 | .21** | .22** | .14** | .09** | .45** | |||||||
| 12 SS9 | .27** | .24** | .23** | .17* | –.06* | .03 | .02 | .16** | .37** | .14** | –.02 | ||||||
| 13 NA10 | .003 | –.03 | .04 | –.09** | –.09** | .36** | .46** | .30** | .26** | .03 | .11** | .12** | |||||
| 14 GOALS | .03 | .02 | .08** | –.10** | –.10** | .38** | .49** | .34** | .28** | .13** | .19** | .07** | .43** | ||||
| 15 IMP11 | .08** | .01 | .08** | –.10** | –.10** | .39** | .50** | .47** | .33** | .16** | .10** | .14** | .46** | .52** | |||
| 16 AWAR12 | .06* | –.02 | .02 | .02 | .001 | .09** | .05 | .06* | –.008 | .19** | .10** | .05 | –.11** | –.12** | –.01 | ||
| 17 STRAT13 | .01 | –.03 | .03 | –.12** | –.11** | .53** | .66* | .37** | .29** | .07** | .16** | .05* | .58** | .65** | .64** | –.09** | |
| 18 CLAR14 | .06* | .02 | .06* | –.04 | –.13** | .47** | .55** | .30** | .22** | .16** | .19** | .13** | .40** | .29** | .39** | .28** | .45** |
[i] Note: 1 Speed = Consumption speed, 2 Drunkenness = drunkenness episodes in the past 6 months, 3 BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, 4 STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Trait), 5 NU = Negative urgency, 6 PU = Positive urgency, 7 PREM = Premeditation (lack of), 8 PERSE = Perseverence (lack of), 9 SS = Sensation seeking, 10 NA = DERS Non-acceptance, 11 IMP = DERS Impulse, 12AWAR = DERS Awareness, 13STRAT = DERS Strategies, 14 CLAR = DERS Clarity.
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
Table 3
Multiple linear regression analyses of the association between binge drinking core characteristics, socio-demographic and clinical variables (N = 1,555).
| COVARIATE | WHOLE SAMPLE (N = 1,555) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES STANDARDIZED β (95% CI), p | |||
| CONSUMPTION SPEED | DRUNKENNESS EPISODES | DRUNKENNESS RATIO | |
| FINAL MODEL ADJ R2 = .19; F(9,1545) = 40.89; P < .001 | FINAL MODEL ADJ R2 = .11; F(7,1547) = 27.77; P < .001 | FINAL MODEL ADJ R2 = .083; F(9,1545) = 16.73; P < .001 | |
| Sex | .303(.257–.350), p < .001 | .165(.116–.214), p <.001 | .121(.071–.171), p < .001 |
| Age | –.039(–.084;.007), p = .096 | .027(–.02–.075), p =.255 | .021(–.027–.069), p =.397 |
| Beck Depression Inventory | .103(.038–.169), p = .002 | –.008(–.077–.061), p =.825 | .028(–.042–.097), p =.437 |
| STAI-Trait | –.087(–.159 ;–.016), p =.017 | –.032(–.101–.038), p =.374 | –.016(–.092–.060), p =.682 |
| Negative urgency | –.065(–.124;–.007), p =.029 | –.061(–.121–.000), p =.050 | |
| Positive urgency | .087(.029–.145), p =.003 | .082(.021–.144), p =.009 | |
| Premeditation (lack of) | .098(.051–.145), p <.001 | .158(.110–.207), p <.001 | .097(.047–.147), p <.001 |
| Perseverance (lack of) | |||
| Sensation Seeking | .173(.123–.222), p <.001 | .196(.148–.244), p <.001 | .175(.123–.228), p <.001 |
| DERS Non-Acceptance | |||
| DERS Goals | .065(.009–.121), p =.023 | ||
| DERS Impulse | .072(.016–.128), p =.012 | ||
| DERS Awareness | –.056(–.104;–.008), p =.022 | ||
| DERS Strategies | |||
| DERS Clarity | |||
[i] Note: adj R2 = Adjusted R-square; BD: Binge Drinking; DERS: Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale. STAI: Spielberger State–Trait Inventory. Data are presented in regression standardized β coefficients (β) (95% confident interval), and p-value (after controlling for sex, age, depression severity score, and anxiety score), only significant standardized β coefficients (β) (95% confident interval) of the forward procedure are presented.