Figure 1
Flow diagram of the Literature Inclusion and Exclusion Process.
Table 1
Influence of Tai-Chi on Physical and Mental Health of Old Adult.
| Participants | Simple size | Ages | Study design | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang et al., 2013 | Elderly | 133 | EG:56.45 ± 8.51 CG:62.26 ± 12.91 | EG: Chen style Taijiquan, three times a week, each time lasts 60 minutes, a total of 12 weeks; CG: maintain daily activities | Compared with CG, EG: Anxiety level after 12 weeks ↓(β = –7.02, P = 0.01), DBP↓ (β = –7.02, P < 0.001); After six and twelve weeks, SBP↓, BMI↓, WC↓. |
| Liu et al., 2018 | Depressed elderly | 60 | TC:60.90 ± 4.28 CG:61.72 ± 3.54 | TC: Tai Chi exercises for 60 minutes each time, three times a week for 24 weeks;CG: maintain the original lifestyle | TC group, depression score ↓, M-HRT↓, LF norm ↓(p < 0.05), RMSSD↑, HF↑, HF norm ↑(p < 0.05); CG group, the above indicators have no significant difference |
| Hsu et al., 2016 | Elderly people using wheelchairs | 60 | EG:80.73 ± 9.68 CG:81.77 ± 6.32 | EG: Chen style sitting Tai Chi, 3 times a week, 40 minutes each time, 26 weeks CG: Maintain daily activity habits | Compared with CG, EG: POMS-SF↓(p < 0.05), SEE↑(p < 0.05) |
| Liao et al., 2019 | Elderly people with mild to moderate depression | 112 | EG:71.72 ± 7.331 CG:71.87 ± 8.002 | EG: 24 Yang style Taijiquan combined with traditional Chinese folk music accompaniment, 50 minutes each time, three times a week for three months; CG: regular health education. | Compared with CG, EG group QOL↑ (body ↑ F = 25.145, P < 0.001, hp2 = 0.435, psychological ↑ F = 18.696, P < 0.001, hp2 = 0.364, society ↑ F = 17.473, P< 0.001, hp2 = 0.348, surroundings ↑F = 29.576, P < 0.001, hp2 = 0.475. |
| Sun et al., 2019 | Elderly | 120 | 65.8 ± 9.6 | TC: Regularly receive 24-style Tai Chi training; CG: Daily activities and lifestyle remain unchanged | Compared with the CG group, the TC group decreased in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, hip circumference, body weight and body mass index (p < 0.01); Heart index↑(p < 0.05); Total incidence of complications and mortality ↓(p < 0.01); The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (16.67%) was significantly lower than that of the CG group (38.33%) |
| Wang et al., 2013 | Elderly | 100 | Male: 61.6 ± 3.8 Female: 58.5 ± 4.1 | EG: 4 times a week, each time lasts 45 minutes, a total of 24 weeks of Tai Chi exercise; blank group: no exercise | Test group: Male, CD8+↓(P < 0.01), CD4 + CD8 + ratio↑(P < 0.05); Female: NK Cell viability↑ (P < 0.05), CD4+↑(P < 0.05), CD8+↓, CD4 + CD8+↑ (P < 0.01). |
[i] Note: EG (experimental group) = experimental group, CG (control group) = control group, SBP (Systolic blood pressure) = systolic blood pressure, BMI (Body mass index) = body mass index, WC (Waist circumference) = waist circumference, TC = Tai Chi group, M-HRT = average heart rate, RMSSD = root mean square of the difference between adjacent RR intervals, HF = high-frequency power, LF norm = standardized low-frequency power, HFnorm = standardized high-frequency power, SAS = anxiety Self-rating scale, HAMD = Hamilton Depression Scale, PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, MLHF = Minnesota Heart Failure Quality of Life Questionnaire, POMS-SF = Concise Mood Scale, SEE = exercise self-efficacy, QOL = quality of life, IgG = most antibacterial antibiotics and antiviral antibodies, IgM = in the body to prevent bacteremia.
Table 2
Tai-Chi exercise methods of the elderly at different ages.
| Ages | Types of Tai-Chi | Exercise intensity | Exercise frequency | Heart rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40~50 years old | 24-style Tai Chi chuan, 32-style Tai Chi chuan, 42-style Tai Chi chuan | 60%~80%VO2max | 60min/5 times/per week | 120~140 |
| 51~60 years old | 24-style Tai Chi chuan, 32-style Tai Chi chuan, 42-style Tai Chi chuan | 40%~60%VO2max | 50min/5 times/per week | 110~130 |
| Over 60 years old | 24-style Tai Chi chuan, 32-style Tai Chi chuan, 42-style Tai Chi chuan | 30%~50% VO2max | 30~40min/5 times/per week | 100~120 |