Figure 1
IL-6, IL-15 and FSTL-1 Expression for All Groups with Difference between group A VS B, and A vs C. A: control group; B: moderate intensity aerobic exercise; C: e-cigarette exposure; D: e-cigarettes and moderate intensity aerobic exercise.
Figure 2
IL-6, IL-15 and FSTL-1 western blot results.
A: control group; B: moderate intensity aerobic exercise; C: e-cigarette exposure; D: e-cigarettes and moderate intensity aerobic exercise.
Table 1
Elastic Lamina Fragmentation for All Groups with Difference between group A VS C, and C VS D.
| GROUP | N | ELASTIC LAMINA FRAGMENTATION | P VALUE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEAN ± SD | A VS C | C VS D | ||
| A | 7 | 4.71 ± 2.69 | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| B | 7 | 4.86 ± 2.41 | ||
| C | 7 | 11.00 ± 3.46 | ||
| D | 7 | 5.86 ± 2.54 | ||
[i] A: control group; B: moderate intensity aerobic exercise; C: e-cigarette exposure; D: e-cigarettes and moderate intensity aerobic exercise.
Figure 3
Elastic lamina fragmentation with Elastic-Van Gieson (EVG) staining (red arrow). (A) Control group, (B) Moderate intensity aerobic exercise group, (C) E-cigarettes group showed increased elastic lamina fragmentation (D) E-cigarettes and moderate intensity aerobic exercise group shows lower elastic lamina fragmentation than group C (red arrow).
Table 2
Correlation between Elastic Lamina Fragmentation and IL-6, IL-15, FSTL-1 Expression on Control Group (A) and E-cigarette Exposure Group (C).
| VARIABLE | IL-6 | IL-15 | FSTL-1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | P VALUE | r | P VALUE | r | P VALUE | |
| Elastic Lamina Fragmentation | 0.772 | 0.001* | 0.688 | 0.009** | 0.059 | 0.843** |
[i] *Spearman’s rho test. **Pearson test. r = coefficient of correlation.
Table 3
Correlation between Elastic Lamina Fragmentation and IL-6, IL-15, FSTL-1 Protein Expression on E-Cigarette Group (C) and E-cigarette with Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Group (D).
| VARIABLE | IL-6 | IL-15 | FSTL-1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | P VALUE | r | P VALUE | r | P VALUE | |
| Elastic Lamina Fragmentation | –0.015 | 0.958 | 0.125 | 0.670 | –0.564 | 0.036 |
[i] r: Coefficient of correlation.
Table 4
Simple Linear Regression with Coefficient of Determination Result for Evaluating the Effect of IL-6 Expression on Elastic Lamina Fragmentation on Control Group (A) and E-cigarette Exposure Group (C).
| VARIABLE | IL-6 PROTEIN EXPRESSION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | P VALUE | r | r2 | ADJUSTED r2 | SE | |
| Constant | 2.827 | 2.183 | 0.220 | 0.598 | 0.357 | 0.304 | 3.68637 |
| IL-6 | 6.192 | 2.398 | 0.024 | ||||
[i] β: linear regression test value, r: Coefficient of correlation, r2: coefficient of determination, SE: Standard of error.
Table 5
Simple Linear Regression with Coefficient of Determination Result for Evaluating the Effect of IL-15 Expression on Elastic Lamina Fragmentation on Control Group (A) and E-cigarette Exposure Group (C).
| VARIABLE | IL-15 PROTEIN EXPRESSION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | P VALUE | r | r2 | ADJUSTED r2 | SE | |
| Constant | 1.391 | 2.273 | 0.552 | 0.668 | 0.446 | 0.400 | 3.42296 |
| IL-15 | 8.288 | 2.667 | 0.009 | ||||
[i] β: linear regression test value, r: Coefficient of correlation, r2: coefficient of determination, SE: Standard of error.
Table 6
Simple Linear Regression with Coefficient of Determination Result for Evaluating the Effect of FSTL-1 Expression on Elastic Lamina Fragmentation on Control Group (A) and E-cigarette Exposure Group (C).
| VARIABLE | FSTL-1 PROTEIN EXPRESSION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | P VALUE | r | r2 | ADJUSTED r2 | SE | |
| Constant | 13.098 | 2.172 | 0.000 | 0.564 | 0.318 | 0.262 | 3.39936 |
| FSTL-1 | –5.443 | 2.299 | 0.036 | ||||
[i] β: linear regression test value, r: Coefficient of correlation, r2: coefficient of determination, SE: Standard of error.