Table 1
Anthropometric and HRV characteristics at group level.
| PARAMETERS | MEAN | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) | 81.7 | 12.27 |
| Body height (cm) | 187.0 | 7.74 |
| Muscle amount (kg) | 34.4 | 3.89 |
| Muscle ratio (%) | 42.4 | 2.76 |
| Fat amount (kg) | 12.3 | 6.78 |
| Fat ratio (%) | 14.3 | 6.01 |
| Fat/Muscle ratio (%) | 34.8 | 16.97 |
| BMI | 23.3 | 3.06 |
| HR | 65.8 | 8.84 |
| RRi | 939.4 | 112.97 |
| SDNN | 130.4 | 35.36 |
| pNN50 | 43.1 | 14.74 |
| RMSSD | 88.4 | 30.84 |
| lnRMSSD | 4.4 | 0.38 |
[i] See text for abbreviations.
Figure 1
Age-based (A1–A4) anthropometric parameter differences. A: body weight, B: body height, C: BMI, D: muscle amount, E: ratio of muscle amount, F: Fat amount, G: ratio of fat amount, H: ratio of fat and muscle amount. * Signs significant differences from the A1 age group, # from the A2 age group.
Figure 2
Post-based anthropometric parameter differences. A: body weight, B: body height, C: BMI, D: pNN50, E. ratio of muscle amount, F: Fat amount, G: ratio of fat amount, H: ratio of fat and muscle amount. * Signs significant differences from the wing players, # from the center back players.
Figure 3
Age-based (A1–A4) cardiovascular parameter differences. A: HR, B: RRi, C: SDNN, D: pNN50. E: RMSSD, F: lnRMSSD, G: RMSSD/Ri. * Signs significant differences from the age-based group with the same colour as their bar. H: Changes in correlation values between the different C_RMSSD values and RRi in the different age-based groups. The case of /P0 corresponds to RMSSD. * Signs significant differences between A1 and A3, # between A2 and A3, o between A1 vs A4 and + between A2 and A4 age groups.
Figure 4
Post-based cardiovascular parameter differences. A: HR, B: RRi, C: SDNN, D: pNN50. E: RMSSD, F: lnRMSSD, G: RMSSD/Ri. * Signs significant differences from the post-based group with the same colour as their bar. H: Changes in correlation values between the different C_RMSSD values and RRi in the different post-based groups. The case of /P0 corresponds to RMSSD. * Signs significant differences between Wing and goalkeeper, # between center back and goalkeeper, o between center back and pivot, $ between wing and back and § between center back and back posts.
Table 2
Spearman’s correlation with >0.3 regression values between the anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters in the different age- and post-based subgroups.
| HR | SDNN | pNN50 | RMSSD | lnRMSSD | RMSSD/RRi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A4 | ||||||
| Body weight | 0.42 | |||||
| Muscle ratio (%) | –0.45 | |||||
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.56 | |||||
| Fat ratio (%) | 0.56 | |||||
| Fat/Muscle Ratio (%) | 0.52 | |||||
| BMI | 0.34 | |||||
| Goalkeeper | ||||||
| Body height | –0.51 | 0.35 | 0.32 | |||
| Muscle ratio (%) | –0.36 | |||||
| Pivot | ||||||
| Body weight | 0.45 | –0.24 | –0.34 | |||
| Body height | –0.57 | –0.52 | –0.59 | –0.59 | –0.69 | |
| Muscle mass (kg) | 0.40 | –0.43 | –0.55 | –0.47 | –0.47 | –0.43 |
| Muscle ratio (%) | –0.34 | |||||
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.42 | |||||
| Fat ratio (%) | 0.39 | |||||
| Fat/Muscle Ratio (%) | 0.38 | |||||
| BMI | 0.38 | |||||
| Back | ||||||
| Body weight | 0.45 | |||||
| BMI | 0.32 | |||||
| Center back | ||||||
| Body weight | –0.32 | |||||
| BMI | 0.39 | –0.41 | –0.34 | |||
| Wing | ||||||
| Body weight | –0.37 | –0.57 | –0.57 | –0.56 | –0.61 | |
| Body height | –0.43 | –0.39 | –0.39 | –0.43 | ||
| Muscle mass (kg) | –0.62 | –0.62 | –0.61 | –0.66 | ||
| Fat mass (kg) | –0.34 | –0.32 | –0.30 | –0.35 | ||
| BMI | –0.43 | –0.44 | –0.43 | –0.47 |
Figure 5
Visualization of the t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) 2D data by clustering method (K-means) in conjunction with the age groups (A), or the player positions (B). Displaying the exploration of decision tree classification on the cluster labels and participants’ features (C).