Figure 1
Study flow chart.
Figure 2a
Restorative yoga postures with pictures (yoga trainer posed), poses name and time allotted by the trainer of LMYC.
Figure 2b
Participants performing restorative yoga sessions.
Figure 3
MetS risk factor assessment.
Table 1
Blood test markers, its testing methods and instruments used for analysis.
| BLOOD TEST ITEM | BLOOD SPECIMEN USED | TESTING METHOD | INSTRUMENT USED FOR ANALYSIS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Glucose, Fasting | 2 ml Fluoride Tube Blood × 1 | Chem – spectrophotometer | Abbott – Alinity C |
| 2. | Cholesterol, HDL | 5 ml Clotted Tube Blood × 1 | Chem – spectrophotometer | Abbott – Alinity C |
| 3. | Cholesterol, LDL (Direct Measure) | Chem – spectrophotometer | Abbott – Alinity C | |
| 4. | Triglycerides | Chem – spectrophotometer | Abbott – Alinity C | |
| 5. | Cortisol (a.m.) | Immunology – CMIA | Abbott – Alinity I |
Table 2
Baseline characteristics.
| YOGA GROUP (n= 13) | CONTROL GROUP (n= 8) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD), years | 55.45(4.67) | 51.62(10.22) |
| Women (%) | 77 | 63 |
| Men (%) | 23 | 37 |
| Hong Konger | 6 | 3 |
| Ethnic Minority | 7 | 5 |
| Waist circumference (SD) | 34.16(3.8) | 38.87(3.53) |
| Blood pressure(systolic) (SD) | 134.46(21.8) | 118.25(9.98) |
| High density lipoprotein (SD) | 1.81(0.29) | 1.4(0.27) |
| Low density lipoprotein (SD) | 3.54(0.88) | 2.74(0.77) |
| Triglycerides (SD) | 1.2(0.43) | 1.22(0.34) |
| Fasting glucose (SD) | 4.96(.34) | 6.15(1.78) |
| Body Mass Index (SD) | 23.69(4.04) | 28.25(4.65) |
[i] *SD is standard deviation and n is number of subjects.
Table 3
Mets components percentage.
| PRE-YOGA METS RISK FACTORS | PREVALENCE OF METS BASED ON NCEP-ATP III CRITERIA (NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS) | TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS | PERCENTAGE PREVALENCE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic-Blood Pressure | 9 | 21 | 43% |
| Diastolic-Blood Pressure | 6 | 21 | 29% |
| Fasting glucose level | 5 | 21 | 24% |
| High-density lipoprotein | 4 | 21 | 19% |
| Triglycerides | 3 | 21 | 14% |
| Waist circumference | 14 | 21 | 67% |
| Post-Yoga MetS risk factors | |||
| Systolic-Blood Pressure | 4 | 21 | 19% |
| Diastolic-Blood Pressure | 2 | 21 | 9% |
| Fasting glucose level | 5 | 21 | 23% |
| High-density lipoprotein | 1 | 21 | 4% |
| Triglycerides | 1 | 21 | 4% |
| Waist circumference | 13 | 21 | 61% |
Table 4
Means Changes in variables within group.
| VARIABLE | MEAN (std. DEVIATION) | t VALUE | p VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| INTERVENETION | |||
| Systolic-Blood Pressure | 16.69(22.68) | 2.653 | 0.021 |
| Diastolic-Blood Pressure | 1.07(12.39) | .313 | >0.05 |
| Fasting blood glucose | .207(.309) | 2.420 | 0.032 |
| High density lipoprotein | .046(.156) | 1.066 | >0.05 |
| Low density lipoprotein | –.073(.379) | –.702 | >0.05 |
| Triglycerides | .19(.317) | 2.184 | 0.050 |
| Cortisol | .569(2.24) | .914 | >0.05 |
| Body Mass Index | –.153(.98) | –.562 | >0.05 |
| Mental Health | 12.69(15.2) | 3.005 | 0.011 |
| Waist circumference | 1.50(1.48) | 3.65 | 0.003 |
| CONTROL | |||
| Systolic-Blood Pressure | –1.13(8.14) | –0.39 | >0.05 |
| Diastolic-Blood Pressure | 1.25(4.3) | 0.82 | >0.05 |
| Fasting blood glucose | 0.31(1.1) | 0.80 | >0.05 |
| High density lipoprotein | –0.06(0.177) | –1.0 | >0.05 |
| Low density lipoprotein | –0.29(0.49) | –1.6 | >0.05 |
| Triglycerides | 0.16(0.27) | 1.7 | >0.05 |
| Cortisol | 1.72(3.2) | 1.5 | >0.05 |
| Body Mass Index | –0.375(1.06) | –1.0 | >0.05 |
| Mental Health | 5(10.88) | 1.3 | >0.05 |
| Waist circumference | 0.13(0.75) | 0.48 | >0.05 |