Figure 1
Map of the study area.
Figure 2
Taxonomic relative abundance at Tijeras Pueblo by excavation episode.
Figure 3
Taxonomic relative abundance at Tijeras Pueblo by spatial context.
Table 1
Fauna identified at Comanche Springs by Hibben and colleagues (1985) and in this project; (a) indicates taxon identified to lower resolution and (b) indicates new taxon.
| Hibben, Benjamin and Adler 1985 | This study |
|---|---|
| Old World fauna | Mammals |
| Domestic horse (Equus caballus) | Carnivora |
| Domestic pig (Sus scrofa) | Canis sp. (domestic dog/coyote)a |
| Domestic goat (Capra hircus – Scimitar-horned goat) | Ursus sp. (bear)b |
| Domestic sheep (Ovis aries – “scrub” sheep) | Ungulata |
| Domestic dog (Canis familiaris – a large Spanish-type of dog) | Antilocapra americana (pronghorn) |
| Domestic cow (Bos taurus – Spanish longhorn) | Bos/Bison |
| Oxen (large animals for draft) | Bison bison (bison)b |
| Wild animals | Bos taurus (domestic cow)a |
| Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) | Capra hircus (domestic goat) |
| Antelope (Antilocapra americana) | Equus caballus (horse) |
| Coyote (Canis latrans) | Ovis aries (domestic sheep) |
| Black-tailed jackrabbit, Desert cottontail (Leporidae) | Cervus elaphus (elk)b |
| Yellow-bellied marmot, Black-tailed prairie dog (Sciuridae) | Odocoileus sp. (deer)a |
| Bott’s gopher, Plains pocket gopher (Geomyidae) | Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) |
| Sucker (Osteichthyes) | Rodentia |
| Great Plains toad (Amphibia) | Geomydae (pocket gophers) |
| Ornate box turtle (Reptilia) | Perognathus flavescens (apache pocket mouse)b |
| Birds | Lagomorpha |
| Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus – small Castilian race of fowl) | Sylvilagus sp. (cottontail)a |
| Ducks, geese and swans – Mallard duck (Anatidae) | Birds |
| Red-tailed hawk (Buteo) | Galliformes |
| Prairie falcon (Falconidae) | Gallus gallus (domestic chicken)a |
| Turkey (Galliformes) | Meleagris gallopavo (turkey)a |
| Common raven (Corvidae) | Phasanidae (grouse, pheasants, and partridges)b |
| Falconiformes | |
| Falco sp. (falcon) | |
| Strigiformes | |
| Strigidae (owls)b | |
| Passeriformes | |
| Corvus sp. (crows)b | |
| Corvus corax (common raven)b | |
| Reptiles | |
| Testudines | |
| Testudines (turtles) | |
| Terrapene ornata (Western box turtles) |
Figure 4
Distribution of domestic taxa in 17th century Spanish archaeological sites.
Table 2
Potential sources of analytical bias in assemblages included in the 17th century New Mexico Old World domesticates project; italicized entries indicate the subset included in quantitative analysis.
| Site name | Screen size | Context | Documentation | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yunque (LA 59) | None – 1/4" | Roomblock, plaza, possible church | Moderate | Gabe and Jones 2014 |
| Comanche Springs (LA 14904) | None – 1/8" | Roomblock, exterior features | Multiple excavations, various | Gabe and Jones 2014 |
| Santa Fe (LA 5400) | 1/4" ? | Exterior features, midden | Multiple excavations, various | Snow & Bowen 1995 |
| Metzler Ruin (LA 103997) | None – 1/4" | Roomblock, exterior features | Low | Gabe and Jones 2014 |
| Cochiti Springs (LA 34) | 1/4" ? | Roomblock | Good | Snow 1971 |
| Las Majadas (LA 591) | 1/4" ? | Roomblock, exterior features, midden | Good | Harris 1973 |
| LA 16768 | ? | Roomblock, exterior tests | Low | Levine et al. 1985 |
| Sanchez Site (LA 20000) | None – 1/4" ? | Roomblock, exterior features, midden | Multiple excavations, various | Trigg 1999 |
| Agua Fria Schoolhouse (LA 2) | ? | Roomblock | Multiple excavations, various | Payne 1999 |
| Signal Site (LA 9142) | 1/4" ? | Roomblock, exterior tests, exterior features | Good | Alexander 1971 |
| LA 13659 | 1/4" ? | Cave? | ? | Allen 2004 |
| LA 65005 | 1/4" | Roomblock, exterior tests | Excellent | Moore 1993 |
| Casa Quemada (LA 4955) | 1/4" | Roomblock, midden | Moderate | Trigg 1999 |
| LA 12117 | 1/4" ? | Cave? | ? | Allen 2004 |
Table 3
Distribution of Old World domesticates across 17th century New Mexican sites; italicized entries indicate the subset included in quantitative analysis.
| Site name | Type | Pig | Chicken | Equid | Cow | Sheep/Goat | total NISP | total MNI | Recent analysis? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yunque (LA 59) | Capitol | x | x | x | x | x | 286 | – | yes |
| Comanche Springs (LA 14904) | Large | x | x | x | x | x | 373 | – | yes |
| Santa Fe (LA 5400) | Capitol | x | x | x | x | x | 1001 | 53 | yes |
| Metzler Ruin (LA 103997) | Large | x | x | x | x | x | 265 | – | yes |
| Cochiti Springs (LA 34) | Large | x | x | x | – | 20 | no | ||
| Las Majadas (LA 591) | Large | x | x | x | 192 | 63 | no | ||
| LA 16768 | Small | x | x | 107 | – | no | |||
| Sanchez Site (LA 20000) | Large | x | x | x | x | x | – | – | no |
| Agua Fria Schoolhouse (LA 2) | Small | x | x | 20 | – | no | |||
| Signal Site (LA 9142) | Small | x | x | – | – | no | |||
| LA 13659 | Small | x | x | – | 18 | no | |||
| LA 65005 | Small | x | x | 7 | – | no | |||
| Casa Quemada (LA 4955) | Large | x | – | – | no | ||||
| LA 12117 | Small | x | – | 9 | no |