References
- 1al-Aboudi, A, al-Yousef, N, Qaud, M and al-Shammari, R. 2019. ‘Preliminary Report on the excavation of al-Mabiyat (Qarha), 8th season 2011 AD/1432 H’. ATLAL, 27.
- 2Bailiff, IK, Gerrard, CM, Gutiérrez, A, Snape-Kennedy, LM and Wilkinson, KN. 2015. ‘Luminescence dating of irrigation systems: application to a qanat in Aragon, Spain’. Quaternary geochronology, 30: 452–459. DOI: 10.1016/j.quageo.2015.02.016
- 3Bailiff, IK, Jankowski, N, Gerrard, CM, Gutiérrez, A and Wilkinson, KN. 2019. ‘Luminescence dating of sediment mounds associated with shaft and gallery irrigation systems’. Journal of Arid Environments, 165: 34–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.02.004
- 4al-Bassam, AM and Zaidi, FK. 2016.
‘Aqueducts in Saudi Arabia’ . In: Angelakis, AN, Chiotis, E, Eslamian, S et al. (eds.) Underground Aqueducts Handbook. CRC Press: 211–228. - 5Bin Ibrahim al-Muaiki, K, et al. 2011. ‘Report on the Excavation at Qurh Site (Al-Mabiyat) Second season, 1426 H/2005 AD’. ATLAL, 21.
- 6Blair, TC and McPherson, JG. 2009.
‘Processes and forms of alluvial fans’ . In: Parsons, AJ and Abrahams, AD (eds.) Geomorphology of Desert Environments. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 413–467. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5719-9_14 - 7Bosworth, CE, Van Donzel, EJ, Heinrichs, WP and Pellat, C. 1986.
‘Kurh’ . Encyclopaedia of Islam, 5, Leiden: E.J. Brill. - 8Brummelhuis, M. 2021.
A Birds Eye View: Using Google Earth to Study the Late Islamic Qanats of Sohar, Oman . Bachelor thesis, University of Leiden, Faculty of Archaeology, Netherlands. - 9Carboni, S. 2001. Glass from Islamic Lands: The al-Sabah Collection, Kuwait National Museum. New York: Thames & Hudson.
- 10Charbonnier, J. 2015. ‘Groundwater management in Southeast Arabia from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age: a critical reassessment’. Water History, 7: 39–71. DOI: 10.1007/s12685-014-0110-x
- 11Charbonnier, J. 2018. ‘The ethnoarchaeology of qanat systems: a comparative study of water-sharing practices in the old world’. Water History, 10: 53–71. DOI: 10.1007/s12685-017-0196-z
- 12Charbonnier, J, Kanhoush, Y, Gravier, J, Gourret, G, Achouche, I, Bernollin, V, Boudia, S, Bucci, W, Chiti, B, Clauss-Balty, P, Colard, V, Devaux, E, Dupont-Delaleuf, A, Smet, AD, Furstos, C, Goy, J, Haze, M, Hofstetter, T, Housse, R, Huet, T, Marquaire, C, Pellegrino, MP, Raad, C, Ricart, JD, Rosak, A, Saïd, AF, Serres, D, Siméon, P, Tourtet, F and Giraud, J. 2022.
‘Mapping an Arabian oasis: first results of the UCOP systematic survey of al-ʿUlā (AlUla) Valley (2019–2021)’ . In: Foote, R, Guagnin, M, Périssé, I and Karacic, S (eds.) Revealing Cultural Landscapes in North-West Arabia. Supplement to Volume 51 of the Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. Oxford: Archaeopress. - 13Ciuk, C and Keall, EJ. 1996. Zabîd Project Pottery Manual 1995: Pre-Islamic and Islamic Ceramics from the Zabîd area, North Yemen. BAR International Series 655. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum. DOI: 10.30861/9780860548447
- 14Conrad, O. 2012. Tool Valley Depth, SAGA-GIS Tool Library Documentation (v7.2.0). Available online at:
https://saga-gis.sourceforge.io/saga_tool_doc/7.2.0/ta_channels_7.html (accessed: 30/01/2023). - 15Cremaschi, M, Degli Esposti, M, Fleitmann, D, Perego, A, Sibilia, E and Zerboni, A. 2018. ‘Late Holocene onset of intensive cultivation and introduction of the falaj irrigation system in the Salut oasis (Sultanate of Oman)’. Quaternary Science Reviews, 200: 123–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.029
- 16de Carvalho, OA,
Júnior , Guimarães, RF, Montgomery, DR, Gillespie, AR, Trancoso Gomes, RA, De Souza Martins, É and Silva, NC. 2014. ‘Karst Depression Detection Using ASTER, ALOS/PRISM and SRTM-Derived Digital Elevation Models in the Bambuí Group, Brazil’. Remote Sensing, 6: 330–351. DOI: 10.3390/rs6010330 - 17Del Cerro, C and Córdoba, JM. 2018. ‘Archaeology of a falaj in al Madam Plain (Sharjah, UAE); a study from the site’. Water History, 10: 85–98. DOI: 10.1007/s12685-018-0210-0
- 18Doughty, CM. 1888. Travels in Arabia Deserta. London, Vol 1.
- 19Durand, C and Gerber, Y. 2014.
‘The pottery production from Hegra/Madāʾin Sālih (Saudi Arabia) during the Nabataean period. Preliminary results, 2008–2011’ . Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian studies, 44. Oxford: Archaeopress, 153–167. - 20El-Faiz, M and Ruf, T. 2010.
‘An Introduction to the Khettara in Morocco: Two Contrasting Cases’ . In: Schneier-Madanes, G and Courel, MF (eds.) Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 151–163. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2776-4_10 - 21Fattahi, M. 2015. ‘OSL dating of the Miam Qanat (KARIZ) system in NE Iran’. Journal of Archaeological Science, 59: 54–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2015.04.006
- 22Foy, D. 2000. ‘Un atelier de verrier à Beyrouth au début de la conquête islamique’. Syria, 77: 239–290. DOI: 10.3406/syria.2000.7658
- 23al-Ghazzi, A, al-Umair, A, et al. 2018. ‘Scientific report on the excavation of al-Mabiyat (Qarha), sixth season 1430 AH/2009 AD’. ATLAL, 26.
- 24Gilmore, M, Ibrahim, M, Mursi, G and al Talhi, D. 1985. ‘A preliminary report on the first season of excavations at Al-Mabiyat, an Early Islamic site on the Northern Hijaz’. ATLAL, 9.
- 25Gorin-Rosen, Y. 2010.
‘The Islamic Glass Vessels’ . In: Gutfeld, O (ed.) Ramla: Final Report on the Excavations North of the White Mosque (Qedem 51). Jerusalem, 213–264. - 26Gorin-Rosen, Y. 2023. Ramla, Danny Mass Street: The Glass Vessels. HA-ESI.
- 27Gorin-Rosen, Y and Katsnelson, N. 2005. ‘Glass finds from the salvage excavation at Ramla’. ‘Atiqot, 49: 101–114.
- 28Hadad, S. 2005. Islamic Glass Vessels from the Hebrew University: Excavations at Bet Shean (Qedem Reports 8). Jerusalem.
- 29Hadley, DG. 1987a. Explanatory notes the geological map of the Sahl al Matran Quadrangle. Sheet 26 C, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources.
- 30Hadley, DG. 1987b. Geological Map of the Sahl Al Matran Quadrangle. Sheet 26C, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources.
- 31Jennings, R, Singarayer, J, Stone, EJ, Krebs-Kanzow, U, Khon, V, Nisancioglu, KH, Pfeiffer, M, Zhang, X, Parker, A, Parton, A, Groucutt, H, White, TS, Drake, NA and Petraglia, MD. 2015. ‘The greening of Arabia: Multiple opportunities for human occupation of the Arabian Peninsula during the Late Pleistocene inferred from an ensemble of climate model simulations’. Quaternary International, 382: 181–199. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.006
- 32Katsnelson, N. 2014. ‘The Glass Finds from Bet She’an (Youth Hostel)’. ‘Atiqot, 77: 23–57. DOI: 10.70967/2948-040X.1668
- 33Kennet, D. 2004. Sasanian and Islamic Pottery from Ra’s al-Khaimah: Classification, Chronology and Analysis of Trade in the Western Indian Ocean. British Archaeological Reports International Series 1248. Oxford: Archaeopress.
- 34Kröger, J. 1995. Nishapur: glass of the early Islamic period. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- 35Luo, L, Wang, X, Guo, H, Liu, C, Liu, J, Li, L, Du, X and Qian, G. 2014. ‘Automated Extraction of the Archaeological Tops of Qanat Shafts from VHR Imagery in Google Earth’. Remote Sensing, 6: 11956–11976. DOI: 10.3390/rs61211956
- 36Manuel, M, Lightfoot, D and Fattahi, M. 2018. ‘The sustainability of ancient water control techniques in Iran: an overview’. Water History, 10: 13–30. DOI: 10.1007/s12685-017-0200-7
- 37Mason, RB and Keall, EJ. 1990. ‘Petrography of Islamic pottery from Fustat’. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 27: 165–184. DOI: 10.2307/40000079
- 38Morabito, L, Quartermaine, J, Roberts, K, Tuttle, CA and Abu-Azizeh, W. 2022.
‘Discovering al-ʿUlā (AlUla): extensive landscape survey and targeted excavations in the al-ʿUlā Core Area’ . In: Foote, R, Guagnin, M, Périssé, I and Karacic, S (eds.) Revealing Cultural Landscapes in North-West Arabia, Supplement to Volume 51 of the Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. Oxford: Archaeopress, 1–26. - 39al-Mu‘aiql, K. 2011. ‘Report on the Excavation at Qurh Site (Al-Mabiyyat) Second season, 1426H/2005 AD’. ATLAL, 21: 38–63.
- 40Nasif, A. 1988. Al’Ulā: An Historical and Archaeological Survey with Special Reference to Its Irrigation System. Riyad: King Saud University.
- 41Nasif, A. 2022. ‘Qarah – Al-Mabiyat Islamic Town in al-Ula District’. ATLAL, 31.
- 42Nehmé, L, Arnoux, T, Bessac, JC, et al. 2006. ‘Mission archéologique de Mada’in Salih, Arabie Saoudite : Recherches menées de 2001 à 2003 dans l’ancienne Hijra des Nabatéens’. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 17: 41–124. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0471.2006.00249.x
- 43O’Hea, M. 2003. ‘Some problems in early Islamic glassware’. In: Foy, D, Picon, M and Vichy, M (eds.) Annales 15e Congrès de l’Association Internationale pour l’Histoire du Verre, 2001.
- 44al-Omeer, A. 2006. ‘Excavations At Islamic Site of Qarh (Al-Mabbiyat) Al-Ula, First Season 1425H/2004 AD’. ATLAL, 19.
- 45Parr, PJ, Harding, GL and Dayton, JE. 1970.
‘Preliminary survey in N.W. Arabia, 1968’ . Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, University of London, n°8–9. - 46Petersen, A. 1996. Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge, 35.
- 47Pinder-Wilson, RH and Scanlon, GT. 1987. ‘Glass finds from Fustat: 1972–1980’. Journal of Glass Studies, 29: 60–71.
- 48Pollak, R. 2003.
‘Early Islamic Glass from Caesarea: A Chronological and Typological Study’ . In Annales du 15e Congrès de l’AIHV (New York–Corning 2001). Nottingham, 165–170. - 49Power, T. 2012. The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate, AD 500–1000. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. DOI: 10.5743/cairo/9789774165443.001.0001
- 50Rayne, L. 2020. ‘Early Islamic Water Management in the Hinterland of Raqqa’. New Agendas in Remote Sensing and Landscape Archaeology in the Near East. Oxford:
Archaeopress . DOI: 10.2307/jj.15136052.24 - 51Rohmer, J and Charloux, G. 2015. ‘From Liḥyān to the Nabataeans: Dating the end of the Iron Age in northwestern Arabia’. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 45: 297–320.
- 52Rohmer, J, Lesguer, F, Bouchaud, C, Purdue, L, Alsuhaibani, A, Tourtet, F, Monchot, H, Dabrowski, V, Decaix, A, Desormeau, X, Alkhatib, R and Reiller, H. 2022.
‘New clues to the development of the oasis of Dadan. Results from a test excavation at Tall al-Salimiyah (al-Ula, Saudi Arabia)’ . Revealing cultural landscapes in North-West Arabia (Supplement to Volume 51 of the Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies). Oxford: Archaeopress, 157–190. - 53Semsar Yazdi, AA and Labbaf Khaneiki, M. 2017. Qanat Knowledge, Construction and Maintenance. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0957-4
- 54Seraphin, P, Gonçalvès, J, Hamelin, B, Stieglitz, T and Deschamps, P. 2022. ‘Influence of intensive agriculture and geological heterogeneity on the recharge of an arid aquifer system (Saq-Ram, Arabian Peninsula) inferred from GRACE data’. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, 26: 5757–5771. DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-5757-2022
- 55Shaw, P and Bryant, R. 1989.
‘Pans, Playas and Salt Lakes’ . In: Thomas, D (ed.) Arid Zone Geomorphology. Oxford, United Kingdom. DOI: 10.1002/9780470710777.ch15 - 56Sheehan, P, Khalifa, M, Bellegem, MV, Ferreira, A, Merri, JA, Power, T, Benoist, A, Purdue, L, Pellegrino, MP, Tagliamonte, E and David-Cuny, H. 2023. ‘The Oman Border Fence Project 2021: a journey through the hydraulic’. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 52: 323–337.
- 57Sheehan, P, Power, T, Karacic, S, Costa, S, Khalifa, M, Fadel, H, Kaabi, AA, Meqbali, AA, Merri, JA, Magee, P, Mortimer, A, Omar, W, Othman, F, Al Tawallbeh, D, Al Ajou, M and Vileikis, O. 2022. ‘Al Ain Museum: an ancient landscape beneath the carpark’. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 51: 353–369.
- 58Shindo, Y. 2009. ‘The Islamic Glass Excavated in Egypt: Fustat, Raya and al-Tur al-Kilani’. Annales du 17e congrès de l’Association Internationale pour l’Histoire du Verre (Anvers, 2006): 308–313.
- 59Soroush, M, Mehrtash, A, Khazraee, E and Ur, JA. 2020. ‘Deep Learning in Archaeological Remote Sensing: Automated Qanat Detection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq’. Remote Sensing, 12. DOI: 10.3390/rs12030500
- 60al-Tikriti, W. 2011. Archaeology of the Falaj: A Field Study of the Ancient Irrigation Systems of the United Arab Emirates. Department of Historic Environment, Abu Dhabi Culture & Heritage, Abu Dhabi.
- 61al-Tikriti, W. 2002. ‘The South-East Arabian Origin of the Falaj System’. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 32, Papers from the thirty-fifth meeting of the Seminar for Arabian Studies held in Edinburgh,
19–21 July 2001 (2002): 117–138. - 62Toumi, N, Hussein, BHM, Rafrafi, S and El Kassas, N. 2015. ‘Groundwater quality and hydrochemical properties of Al-Ula Region, Saudi Arabia’. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4241-4
- 63UN-ESCWA and BGR (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia; Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe). 2013.
‘Saq-Ram Aquifer System (West)’ . In: Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia. Beirut: 298–316. - 64Vincent, P. 2008. Saudi Arabia: An Environmental Overview. Leiden: Taylor & Francis. DOI: 10.1201/9780203030882
- 65Wall, J, Doctor, DH and Terziotti, S. 2015. ‘A semi-automated tool for reducing the creation of false closed depressions from a filled LIDAR-derived digital elevation model. Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst’. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Multidisciplinary Conference,
University of South Florida Tampa Library : 255–262. DOI: 10.5038/9780991000951.1057 - 66Walmsley, A. 2001.
‘Turning East. The appearance of Islamic Cream Wares in Jordan – the end of antiquity?’ In: Villeneuve, E and Watson, PM (eds.) La céramique byzantine et proto-islamique en Syrie-Jordanie (IVe-VIIIe siècles); actes du colloque tenu à Amman les 3, 4 et 5 décembre 1994. BAH 159. Beyrouth: Institut Français d’Archéologie du Proche-Orient. 305–313. - 67Wang, L and Liu, H. 2006. ‘An efficient method for identifying and filling surface depressions in digital elevation models for hydrologic analysis and modelling’. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20: 193–213. DOI: 10.1080/13658810500433453
- 68Whitcomb, DS and Johnson, JH. 1979. Quseir Al-Qadim 1978: Preliminary Report. Cairo: Nafeh Press.
- 69al-Wohaibi, A. 1969. The Northern Hijaz in the writings of the Arab Geographers (800–1150). Beirut: University of London.
- 70Zakšek, K, Oštir, K and Kokalj, Ž. 2011. ‘Sky-View Factor as a Relief Visualization Technique’. Remote Sensing, 3: 398–415. DOI: 10.3390/rs3020398