| (1) | that real essences explain logical possibility, and |
| (2) | that real essences explain logical possibility independently from God’s power. |
| (3) | for something to explain a property, that thing must exist in some way.12 |
| (4) | ILP is the thesis that real essences explain/ground logical possibility; |
| (5) | point (4) commits Suárez to the view that real essences (or some aspect of them) must be independent of God’s productive power. |
| (6) | point (4) is inconsistent and Suárez ought to be criticized for asserting ILP. |