Figure 1
TREE multi-cohort design.
Table 1
TREE1 sample and response.
| Calendar year | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2010 | 2014 | 2019/20 | |
| Panel wave | baseline | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
| Ø age of sample | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 26 | 30 | 35 | |
| Sample and response | N valid gross sample | 6343 | 5944 | 5609 | 5345 | 5060 | 4852 | 4659 | 4571 | 4402 | 3882 | |
| N response | 5528 | 5206 | 4877 | 4679 | 4506 | 4133 | 3979 | 3423 | 3142 | 2979 | ||
| % response/baseline | 87% | 82% | 77% | 74% | 71% | 65% | 63% | 54% | 50% | 47% | ||
Table 2
Selected sample descriptives for TREE1, baseline and panel wave 9 (2000 and 2014).
| TREE1 BASELINE SURVEY, 2000 | N | % OR MEAN | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (UNWEIGHTED) | (UNWEIGHTED) | ||
| Total | 6343 | 100% | |
| Gender | Female | 3440 | 54% |
| Male | 2903 | 46% | |
| Age | 6319 | Ø 15.5 | |
| Year of birth | 1983 | 757 | 12% |
| 1984 | 3399 | 54% | |
| 1985 | 2052 | 32% | |
| Other years | 111 | 2% | |
| Academic track attended at lower secondary level | Extended requirements | 4358 | 68% |
| Basic requirements | 1626 | 26% | |
| No formal tracking | 357 | 6% | |
| PISA reading literacy score | 6337 | Ø 510.0 | |
| Highest parental socio-economic index (HISEI) | 5845 | Ø 50 | |
| Highest parental education | Compulsory Secondary Tertiary | 1464 2189 2399 | 24% 36% 40% |
| Migration background | Swiss native* | 3776 | 60% |
| 2nd generation migrant** | 1560 | 25% | |
| 1st generation migrant*** | 900 | 14% | |
| Language region | German | 2970 | 47% |
| French | 2540 | 40% | |
| Italian | 833 | 13% | |
| Rural vs. urban area | Rural | 2072 | 33% |
| Urban | 4271 | 67% | |
| TREE1 PANEL WAVE 9, 2014 (≈30 YEARS OLD) | N | % OR MEAN | |
| (UNWEIGHTED) | (UNWEIGHTED) | ||
| Total | 3142 | 100% | |
| Educational attainment | Compulsory | 87 | 3% |
| Secondary | 1161 | 37% | |
| Tertiary | 1881 | 60% | |
| Gainful occupation | Full-time work (≥90%) | 2074 | 66% |
| Part-time work (<90%) | 712 | 23% | |
| Other situation | 356 | 11% | |
| Marital status | Single | 2202 | 70% |
| Married | 893 | 28% | |
| Other status | 46 | 1% | |
| Parenthood | Yes | 767 | 24% |
| No | 2374 | 76% | |
[i] Note that percentages may not add up to 100% due to missing values (not displayed for reasons of table readability).
Note that we display only a (selected number of salient) variables measured/collected on the occasion of the two panels waves in question.
* Participants and their parents born in Switzerland.
** Participants born in Switzerland, with at least one parent born abroad.
*** Participants born abroad.
Source: own calculations.
Table 3
TREE2 sample and responses.
| Calendar year | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| Panel wave | baseline | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Ø age of sample | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| Sample and response | |||||||
| N valid goss sample | 9741* | 9251* | 8918* | 7855 | 6949 | 6128 | |
| N response | 7971 | 6903 | 6154 | 5353 | 4501 | 4461 | |
| % response/baseline | 82% | 75% | 69% | 68% | 65% | 73% |
[i] * Due to retrospective exclusions from the sample, the published datasets comprise only 8,429 cases.
Table 4
Selected sample descriptives for TREE2, 2016 and 2019 (baseline and panel wave 3).
| TREE2 BASELINE SURVEY, 2016 | N | % OR MEAN | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (UNWEIGHTED) | (UNWEIGHTED) | ||
| Total | 8429 | 100% | |
| Gender | Female | 4592 | 54% |
| Male | 3837 | 46% | |
| Age | 8429 | Ø 15.8 | |
| Year of birth | 1999 | 1038 | 12% |
| 2000 | 4809 | 57% | |
| 2001 | 2492 | 30% | |
| Other years | 90 | 1% | |
| Academic track attended at lower secondary level | High requirements | 2419 | 29% |
| Extended requirements | 3423 | 41% | |
| Basic requirements | 2540 | 30% | |
| AES math score | 8340 | Ø.13 | |
| Highest parental socio-economic index (HISEI) | 8267 | Ø 51 | |
| Highest parental education | Compulsory | 1150 | 14% |
| Secondary | 3914 | 46% | |
| Tertiary | 3174 | 39% | |
| Migration background | Swiss native* | 6093 | 73% |
| 2nd generation migrant** | 1541 | 18% | |
| 1st generation migrant*** | 763 | 9% | |
| Language region | German | 5885 | 70% |
| French | 2081 | 25% | |
| Italian | 463 | 5% | |
| Rural vs. urban area | Rural | 4533 | 54% |
| Intermediate | 2001 | 24% | |
| Urban | 1863 | 22% | |
| TREE2 3RD PANEL WAVE SAMPLE, 2019 (≈19 YEARS OLD) | N | % OR MEAN | |
| (UNWEIGHTED) | (UNWEIGHTED) | ||
| Total | 6154 | 100% | |
| Educational status | Not in education or training | 320 | 5% |
| Internship or transitional solutions | 92 | 1% | |
| 2 years VET | 73 | 1% | |
| 3–4 years VET | 2938 | 48% | |
| Vocational baccalaureate | 612 | 10% | |
| General baccalaureate | 1721 | 28% | |
| Other general education programme | 398 | 6% | |
[i] Note that percentages may not add up to 100% due to missing values (not displayed for reasons of table readability).
Note that we display only a (selected number of salient) variables measured/collected on the occasion of the two panels waves in question.
* Participants and their parents born in Switzerland.
** Participants born in Switzerland with at least one parent born abroad.
*** Participants born abroad.
Source: own calculations.
Table 5
Survey topics of TREE1 and TREE2.
| SURVEY TOPICS | COMPARABILITY WITH TREE1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| MAIN | DETAILED | ||
| Socio-demographics | Socio-demographic characteristics and housing situation | ||
| Age and Gender | C | ||
| Civil Status | C | ||
| Housing situation | C | ||
| Composition of (own) family | C | ||
| Migration background and nationality | |||
| Migration background | C | ||
| Nationality, residence status | |||
| Education, training and employment | Educational pathways and transitions (lower sec. level) | ||
| Educational biography (compulsory school) | C | ||
| Educational decisions (transitions lower => upper sec. education):perceived cost, benefit and chances of success | |||
| Educational objectives and aspirations | C | ||
| Plans for education and training | C | ||
| Characteristics of maths lessons (end of lower secondary education) | |||
| Educational situation and post-compulsory pathways | |||
| Attended educational programmes | C | ||
| Attended schools | C | ||
| Attended training firms | C | ||
| Skills requirements for educational activities/media use | |||
| Absenteeism/intention to change education | C | ||
| Resources and strains (education) | C | ||
| Credentials and marks | C | ||
| Reasons discontinuing education and training | |||
| Employment situation (incl. internships) and pathways | |||
| Employment/internships | C | ||
| Conditions of employment | C | ||
| Job position within company’s hierarchy | C | ||
| Salary | C | ||
| Resources and strains (employment) | C | ||
| Job tasks, requirements and job-skills-mismatch | C | ||
| Absenteeism/intention to change job | C | ||
| Reasons for termination of employment | |||
| Desired job situation | |||
| Self-assessment of education and employment pathways | |||
| Assessment of current education and training | |||
| Assessment of completed education & training | |||
| Perceived fit and commitment: main activity | C | ||
| Other activities, job and training search | Search for education or employment | ||
| Search for education (end of lower secondary education) | |||
| Search for VET training place (upper sec.) | C | ||
| Job search (upper sec.) | C | ||
| Search for general education programme (upper sec.) | |||
| Other activities | |||
| Unemployment (unregistered and registered) | (C) | ||
| Vacation/holidays | (C) | ||
| Military service | (C) | ||
| Childcare (as main activity) | (C) | ||
| Illness/accident | (C) | ||
| Maternity/paternity leave | (C) | ||
| Gap/missing information | (C) | ||
| Reasons for non-participation in education and employment | |||
| Reasons for non-participation in education and employment | |||
| Reasons for non-participation in education | |||
| Reasons for part-time & non-employment | |||
| Family, significant others, social origin and networks | Family background | ||
| Family climate | C | ||
| Socio-economic origin | C | ||
| Childcare situation (own children) | |||
| Social, cultural, and economic resources | |||
| Social capital (own) | |||
| Cultural capital (family of origin) | C | ||
| Cultural capital (own) | C | ||
| Economic capital (family of origin) | C | ||
| Financial situation (general) | C | ||
| Social participation | Social and cultural participation | ||
| Politics | (C) | ||
| Leisure | |||
| Group affiliation and sense of belonging (identity) | C | ||
| Well-beingand health | Satisfaction and well-being | ||
| Satisfaction | C | ||
| School-related well-being | |||
| Critical life events | C | ||
| Health | C | ||
| Self | Non-cognitive factors | ||
| Motivational concepts | C | ||
| Self-perception | C | ||
| Emotions related to maths classes | |||
| Volitional strategies | C | ||
| Personality characteristics | |||
| Global preferences (risk, time and social preferences) | |||
| Values and attitudes | C | ||
| Attitudes related to maths classes | |||
| Cognitive skills (assessments) | |||
| basic mathematical skills | (C+) | ||
| reading speed | |||
| cognitive skills | |||
[i] Legend for columns on comparison with TREE1:
C = Data (partly) comparable across cohorts. (C) Comparable data for both cohorts in upcoming data releases. (C+) Elaborated, but not fully comparable assessment of math competences available for both cohorts (TREE1: randomized split-half sample).
Table 6
Overview of TREE1 data and their documentation. Release 2019 (https://doi.org/10.23662/FORS-DS-816-7).
| DATA | DOCUMENTATION |
|---|---|
| PISA 2000 | |
| PISA-TREE_2000_Version_20xx.sav |
|
| TREE1, WAVE-SPECIFIC DATA 2001–2014 | |
| Notation: TREE_data_wave-x-20yy_version_20zz.sav | Notation: TREE_codebook_wave-x-20yy_version_20zz.pdf |
| Datasets of first panel wave, 2001: TREE_data_wave-1–2014_version_2016_german.sav TREE_data_wave-1–2014_version_2016_french.sav | Codebook for data of first panel wave, 2001: TREE_codebook_wave-9–2014_version_2016.pdf |
| Datasets and codebooks of all further panel waves are organised and named the same way as for panel wave 1. | |
| TREE1, FURTHER DATA | |
| TREE_data_certificates_2001–2014_version_20xx.sav | TREE_codebook_certificates_2001–2014_version_20xx.pdf |
| TREE_data_weights_wave1–9_version_20xx.sav |
|
| TREE_job_episodes_2003–2014_version_20xx.sav | TREE_codebook_job_episodes_2003–2014_version_20xx.pdf |
Table 7
Overview of TREE2 data and their documentation. Release 2023 (https://doi.org/10.48573/kz0d-8p12).
| SECTION/FILES OF THE DATA PACKAGE | FILE NAME | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 TO START WITH – GENERAL INFORMATION | ||
| Working with the TREE2 data release: How to get started. Update 2023 | TREE2_How-to-get-started_v2.pdf | |
| TREE2 study design. Update 2023 | TREE2_Study_Design_Update_2023.pdf | |
| Notes on weighting and variance estimation. Update 2023 | TREE2_Readme_Weights_v2.pdf | |
| Longitudinal Weights for theTREE2 panel survey. Construction and application | TREE2_Documentation_Weights.pdf | |
| The TREE multi-cohort panel study. Theoretical framework | TREE_Theoretical_Framework_2022.pdf | |
| 1 DATASETS | ||
| Data from panel wave 0 (baseline) (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_0_v2.dta | |
| Data from panel wave 0 (baseline) (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_0_v2.sav | |
| Data from panel wave 1 (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_1_v2.dta | |
| Data from panel wave 1 (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_1_v2.sav | |
| Data from panel wave 2 (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_2_v2.dta | |
| Data from panel wave 2 (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_2_v2.sav | |
| Data from panel wave 3 (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_3_v2.dta | |
| Data from panel wave 3 (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_3_v2.sav | |
| Activity spells data (episodes) from panel waves 0 to 3 (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Episodes_v2.dta | |
| Activity spells data (episodes) from panel waves 0 to 3 (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Episodes_v2.sav | |
| Weights for waves 0–3 [Stata format] | TREE2_Data_Survey_Weights_v2.dta | |
| Weights for waves 0–3 [SPSS format] | TREE2_Data_Survey_Weights_v2.sav | |
| 1–1 MATHS TEST (WAVE 0) | ||
| Additional test data from baseline survey (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_0_Maths_Test_v2.dta | |
| Additional test data from baseline survey (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_0_Maths_Test_v2.sav | |
| Read-me document for additional test data | TREE2_Readme_Wave_0_Maths_Test_v2.pdf | |
| 1–2 – SCHOOL, CLASS AND SURVEY CONTEXT (WAVE 0) | ||
| Additional school and sampling data from baseline survey (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_0_Schooling_Context_v2.dta | |
| Additional school and sampling data from baseline survey (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_0_Schooling_Context_v2.sav | |
| Read-me document for additional school and sampling data from baseline survey | TREE2_Readme_Wave_0_Schooling_Context_v2.pdf | |
| 1–3 COGNITIVE ABILITY TEST CAT (WAVE 0) | ||
| Cognitive ability test data (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_0_CAT_v2.dta | |
| Cognitive ability test data (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Wave_0_CAT_v2.sav | |
| Syntax for cognitive ability test data (Stata format) | TREE2_Syntax_Wave_0_CAT_Validation_v2.do | |
| Read-me/short documentation on cognitive ability test data | TREE2_Readme_Wave_0_CAT_v2.pdf | |
| 1–4 READING SPEED TEST | ||
| Reading speed test data: scores only, graduation year subsample [Stata format] | TREE2_Data_Reading_Speed_Test_Graduation_Year_v2.dta | |
| Reading speed test data: scores only graduation year subsample [SPSS format] | TREE2_Data_Reading_Speed_Test_Graduation_Year_v2.sav | |
| Reading speed test data: all test variables, all test cases [Stata format] | TREE2_Data_Reading_Speed_Test_Items_v2.dta | |
| Reading speed test data: all test variables, all test cases [SPSS format] | TREE2_Data_Reading_Speed_Test_Items_v2.sav | |
| Reading speed test data: syntax (Stata format) | TREE2_Syntax_Reading_Speed_Test_Validation_v2.do | |
| 1–5 PRE-GRADUATION MEASUREMENTS | ||
| Data on measures collected specifically prior to upper secondary graduation (Stata format) | TREE2_Data_Pregraduation_v2.dta | |
| Data on measures collected specifically prior to upper secondary graduation (SPSS format) | TREE2_Data_Pregraduation_v2.sav | |
| Read-me/short documentation on pre-graduation measurements | TREE2_Readme_Pregraduation_v2.pdf | |
| 2 CODEBOOKS, VARIABLE LISTS & CODE LISTS | ||
| Codebook for data of panel wave 0 (baseline survey, 2016) | TREE2_Codebook_Wave_0_v2.pdf | |
| Codebook for data of panel wave 1 (2017) | TREE2_Codebook_Wave_1_v2.pdf | |
| Codebook for data of panel wave 2 (2018) | TREE2_Codebook_Wave_2_v2.pdf | |
| Codebook for data of panel wave 3 (2019) | TREE2_Codebook_Wave_3_v2.pdf | |
| Codebook for episodic data | TREE2_Codebook_Episodes_v2.pdf | |
| Codebook for weighting data | TREE2_Codebook_Weights_v2.pdf | |
| Technical lists of variables, panel waves 0–3 (2016–2019) | TREE2_Variable_Lists_Technical_v2.pdf | |
| Conceptual list of variables, panel waves 0–3 (2016–2019) | TREE2_Variable_List_Conceptual_v2.xlsx | |
| Code list of occupations | TREE2_Codelist_Occupations_v2.xlsx | |
| Code list of education programmes | TREE2_Codelist_Education_v2.xlsx | |
| 3 DOCUMENTATION ON SCALES | ||
| Documentation of scales implemented from panel wave 1 onward | TREE2_Scale-Reporting_Wave_1_onwards_v2.pdf | |
| 4 QUESTIONNAIRES | ||
| Questionnaire administered in panel wave 0 (baseline survey, AES), German | TREE2_Questionnaire_Wave_0_AES_GER | |
| Questionnaire administered in panel wave 0 (baseline survey, AES), French | TREE2_Questionnaire_Wave_0_AES_FRE | |
| Questionnaire administered in panel wave 0 (baseline survey, AES), Italian | TREE2_Questionnaire_Wave_0_AES_ITA | |
| Questionnaire administered in panel wave 0 (baseline survey, AES extension), German | TREE2_Questionnaire_Wave_0_AES_Extension_GER | |
| Questionnaire administered in panel wave 0 (baseline survey, AES extension), French | TREE2_Questionnaire_Wave_0_AES_Extension_FRE | |
| Questionnaire administered in panel wave 0 (baseline survey, AES extension), Italian | TREE2_Questionnaire_Wave_0_AES_Extension_ITA | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 1, German | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_1_GER | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 1, French | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_1_FRE | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 1, Italian | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_1_ITA | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 2, German | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_2_GER | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 2, French | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_2_FRE | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 2, Italian | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_2_ITA | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 3, German | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_3_GER | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 3, French | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_3_FRE | |
| Complementary questionnaire administered in panel wave 3, Italian | TREE2_Questionnaire_Complementary_Wave_3_ITA | |