Figure 1
Social reform international congresses and organizations, 1846–1914.
Figure 2
Most prominent tagged areas of social reform, main causes or main ideological background of social reform international organizations and conference series, 1846–1914.
Figure 3
Co-membership network of 283 congresses related to education (1846–1914).
A. Congrès international pour l’étude des questions relatives au patronage des détenus et la protection des enfants moralement abandonnées (1890, Antwerp).
B. Congrès international de pédologie (1911, Brussels).
C. Congrès international de l’enseignement (1880, Brussels).
D. Congrès international de l’éducation populaire (1910, Brussels).
E. Congrès international pour l’étude des questions relatives au patronage des condamnés, des enfants moralement abandonnés, des vagabonds et des aliénés (1905, Liège).
F. Congrès international du droit des femmes (1889, Paris).
Cluster 1: white nodes (including B, C and D) groups congresses mainly related to education and Freemasonry.
Cluster 2: black nodes (including A and E) groups congresses held on penitentiary reform, charity and social welfare, patronage, and child protection.
Cluster 3: grey nodes (including F) groups congresses related to women’s rights, women’s protection and feminism.
Figure 4
TIC Data architecture and archiving scheme.