Figure 1
Distribution of authors’ publications in the three cultural magazines (1898–1899). The colors dark blue, orange, and light blue represent each magazine and the number of works published. Contributors such as Eduardo Zamacois, Enrique Gómez Carrillo, and Pedro Corominas stand out, as they wrote regular columns. Others, like Eusebio Blasco and Octavio Jacinto Picón, diversified their presence across all three magazines.
Figure 2
Number of contributors by country of origin, where Spain accounts for the majority of contributors. European authors—such as Zola, Baudelaire, Leopardi, and D’Annunzio—are primarily represented through translations, whereas Latin Americans form the second-largest group of active contributors submitting original work.
Figure 3
First page of issue 4 of Vida Nueva, the magazine with the lowest OCR quality.
Figure 4
The “Verification Text” tool in ABBYY FineReader, used in issue 7 in La vida galante. It allows users to manually review and confirm suggested corrections.
Figure 5
Code snippet of the Python script using regular expressions to extract authors and titles from the magazine issues.