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Working Memory Capacity as a Determinant of Proactive Interference and Auditory Distraction Cover

Working Memory Capacity as a Determinant of Proactive Interference and Auditory Distraction

Journal of Cognition
Volume 1 (2017): Issue 1
By: Gerald Tehan,  Madeleine Arber and  Georgina Anne Tolan  
Open Access
|Jan 2018

Figures & Tables

joc-2-1-7-g1.png
Figure 1

Structure of a standard trial with to-be-remembered items in the centre column, and irrelevant speech conditions on the outsice columns.

Table 1

Descriptive statics for and correlations between working memory measures and performance on the cued recall task.

MeanSD (Range)WM OrdWM ItemCued TotalOmission Total
WMOrder10.794.42 (3–25)
WMItem15.254.41 (6–26).79
Cued Total21.117.19 (5–35).49.53
Omissions Total12.706.43 (0–34)–.38–.47–.86
Foil Total4.162.08 (0–10)–.11–.04–.32–.12

[i] Note: WM Ord = operation span order scoring, WMItem = operation span item scoring, Cued Total = total targets recalled, Omissions Total = neither target nor foil recalled, Foil Total = Total block-1 foils recalled instead of target. Correlations in bold font are significant at p = .05.

Table 2

Mean performance on the cued recall task as a function of working memory capacity (WMC), proactive interference and irrelevant speech priming.

WMCInterferenceSpeech Priming
TargetFoil
Target Recall
High WMCInterference6.71 (1.93)5.24 (2.30)
No Interference8.24 (1.09)5.76 (2.14)
Low WMCInterference5.35 (1.70)2.39 (2.10)
No Interference5.30 (2.40)3.09 (2.11)
Omission Errors
High WMCInterference2.10 (1.51)1.62 (1.32)
No Interference1.76 (1.09)3.10 (1.76)
Low WMCInterference3.35 (1.80)3.91 (2.04)
No Interference4.35 (2.06)4.70 (2.18)
Foil Recall
High WMCInterference1.14 (0.96)3.00 (1.61)
Low WMCInterference0.83 (0.98)3.52 (1.92)
Table 3

ANOVA outcomes for target recall, omission errors and foil intrusions as a function of working memory capacity (WMC), proactive interference, and speech priming.

High V Low WMCWMC as Covariate
F (1,41)pηp2F (1,78)pηp2
Target
WMC26.30<.001.3930.86<.001.28
PI12.18.001.23.12.734.01
Speech Priming81.27<.001.6728.97<.001.27
WMC * PI4.94.032.111.67.200.02
WMC * Priming1.47.232.043.58.062.04
PI * Priming0.03.862.011.12.296.01
WMC * PI * Priming3.01.090.071.47.229.02
Omissions
WMC18.11<.001.3122.16<.001.22
PI16.10<.001.28.94.334.02
Speech Priming11.25.002.222.39.126.03
WMC * PI0.84.365.02.01.916.00
WMC * Priming0.01.938.00.07.790.01
PI * Priming2.59.115.06.13.718.00
WMC * PI * Priming4.76.036.101.57.215.02
Foil
WMC0.00.992.00.10.750.00
Speech Priming56.25<.001.5822.30<.001.22
WMC * Priming1.86.180.043.47.066.04
Table 4

Comparisons of interference and speech priming effects for High and Low WMC groups on target recall, omissions and foil intrusions.

Proactive InterferenceSpeech Priming
tpCohen’s dtpCohen’s d
Target
High WMC4.13.001.746.51<.0011.20
Low WMC0.88.389.136.46<.0011.32
Omissions
High WMC1.33.198.342.63.016.30
Low WMC5.47<.001822.17.041.21
Foil
High WMC4.47<.0011.19
Low WMC6.12<.0011.80
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.7 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
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Language: English
Submitted on: Aug 13, 2017
|
Accepted on: Nov 16, 2017
|
Published on: Jan 10, 2018
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Working memory,
Speech perception,
Attention

© 2018 Gerald Tehan, Madeleine Arber, Georgina Anne Tolan, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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