Figure 1
Example Stimuli and Trial Sequence.
Note. Panel A shows an example of colour and shape image sets shown in a trial. In each trial, a set of four previously-unseen images (either colour or shape) is presented, from which participants try to select the same image. Panel B shows trial sequence.
Figure 2
Effects of Thought Probe Responses on Performance Over Trials.
Note. Hierarchical GAM analysis controlling for block revealed a significant effect of other-focus on performance over trials (χ2(3) = 13.708, p < .001, ΔAIC = 22.21), both for the parametric coefficient referenced to self-focus (Z = 4.605, SE = 0.140, p < .001, estimated coefficient = 0.64) and the nonlinear interaction between other-focus and trial (χ2(3.336) = 19.91, p < .001). For on-task, no significant effect was found (χ2(3) = 3.208, p = .093, ΔAIC = 5.97). Shading represents pointwise 95% confidence intervals. Black horizontal lines in the bottom panel represent log-odds values of 0 (i.e., no difference between estimates for other- and self-focus or on- and off-task), with red lines indicating the trial window of significant difference (self- vs. other-focus: trials 8–66; on- vs. off-task: trials 2–57). Full model outputs are shown in Supplementary Tables 2 and 3.
Figure 3
Other-Focus Enhances Coordination Performance.
Note. Hierarchical logistic regression modelling controlling for block (pre- vs. post-intervention) revealed a significantly higher likelihood for dyads to successfully coordinate on trials where both participants were other-focused compared to trials where either participant was self-focused (χ2(1) = 27.04, p < 0.001, ΔAIC = 25.0); “n” represents number of trials included in analysis; error bars represent standard error of the mean.
Figure 4
Coordination Performance Pre- and Post-Intervention.
Note. No significant effect of intervention type on change in performance from pre- to post-intervention was found. Bayes Factor analysis revealed moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis (BF10 = 0.22). Top panel shows mean dyad performance. In bottom panel, points represent change in performance for each dyad. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. FAM = focused attention meditation; LKM = loving kindness meditation; NEU = neutral control.