Table 1
Examples of Stimuli that Were Used in Exp. 1.
| CONDITION | 1 COLOR | 2 COLORS | 3 COLORS | 4 COLORS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congruent |  |  |  |  |
| Neutral |  |  |  |  |
| Incongruent |  |  |  |  |
[i] Note. For the neutral condition, horizontal colored slices containing 1–4 colors were used. For both the congruent and incongruent conditions, an additional white single digit (1–4) was embedded at the center of the colored slices (the entire set of stimuli can be downloaded from https://osf.io/f27j8/?view_only=c94d9d6d718d4883b30f991c8a2cd1f0).
Figure 1
Schematic Representation of an Experimental Trial.
Note. Participants were asked to indicate how many colors were present on the displayed stimulus (four in the example shown).
Table 2
Mean Reaction Time and Error Rates for Each Congruency Condition in Experiments. 1–4.
| STIMULUS TYPE | MEAN RT (MS) | 95% CI (MS) | ERROR RATES (%) | 95% CI (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp. 1 | ||||
| Congruent | 585 | 556–614 | 3.76 | 2.43–5.09 |
| Neutral | 596 | 568–624 | 4.33 | 2.73–5.94 |
| Incongruent | 637 | 602–672 | 6.33 | 4.95–7.72 |
| Exp. 2 | ||||
| Congruent | 605 | 580–630 | 12.35 | 9.01–15.69 |
| Neutral | 602 | 577–627 | 11.07 | 8.11–14.04 |
| Incongruent | 640 | 609–672 | 17.30 | 13.93–20.68 |
| Exp. 3 | ||||
| Congruent | 637 | 610–663 | 14.14 | 10.94–17.33 |
| Neutral | 618 | 594–643 | 12.62 | 9.54–15.70 |
| Incongruent | 655 | 626–683 | 17.56 | 14.39–20.80 |
| Exp. 4 | ||||
| Digits | 560 | 526–594 | 18.93 | 11.08–26.78 |
| Words | 602 | 567–637 | 21.83 | 13.96–29.69 |
| Gestalt words | 637 | 601–673 | 27.90 | 19.34–35.86 |
[i] Note. RT = reaction time. CI represents 95% confidence intervals.
Table 3
Examples of Stimuli that Were Used in Exp. 2.
| CONDITION | 1 COLOR | 2 COLORS | 3 COLORS | 4 COLORS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congruent |  |  |  |  |
| Neutral |  |  |  |  |
| Incongruent |  |  |  |  |
| Incongruent (English example) |  |  |  |  |
[i] Note. For the neutral condition, horizontal colored slices containing 1–4 colors were used. For both the congruent and incongruent conditions, the Hebrew number words אחת (Akhat, “one”), שתיים (Shtaim, “two”), שלוש (Shalosh, “three”), and ארבע (Arba, “four”) were cut into horizontal slices that could each contain 1–4 colors (the entire set of stimuli can be downloaded from https://osf.io/f27j8/?view_only=c94d9d6d718d4883b30f991c8a2cd1f0).
Table 4
Examples of Stimuli that Were Used in Exp. 3.
| CONDITION | 1 COLOR | 2 COLORS | 3 COLORS | 4 COLORS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congruent |  |  |  |  |
| Neutral |  |  |  |  |
| Incongruent |  |  |  |  |
| Incongruent (English example) |  |  |  |  |
[i] Note. For the neutral condition, horizontal colored slices containing 1–4 colors were used. For both the congruent and incongruent conditions, a white Hebrew number word (Akhat, “one”), שתיים (Shtaim, “two”), שלוש (Shalosh, “three”), and ארבע (Arba, “four”) was embedded at the center of the colored slices (the entire set of stimuli can be downloaded from https://osf.io/f27j8/?view_only=c94d9d6d718d4883b30f991c8a2cd1f0).