Figure 1
Steinborn et al. (2008): Reaction time as a function of the preceding foreperiod [FP(n-1)] and the current foreperiod in Experiment 1 (long foreperiod set).
Figure 2
Capizzi et al. (2015): Reaction time as a function of the foreperiod sequence and the current foreperiod in Experiment 2.
Table 1
Posterior characteristics of the parameters in Experiment 1. CF refers to the effect of the current foreperiod (positive values indicate that RT was shorter at the short foreperiod). For the sequential foreperiod effect, FS effect refers to the priming component (positive values indicate that RT was shorter with foreperiod repetition), and the IN refers to the arousal component (negative values mean that RT was shorter when the foreperiod of the preceding trial was short).
| PARAMETER | MEAN | SD | ROPE TO ZERO | 95% HDI | REJECT ZERO? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baselinetrial | 0.32 | 0.11 | [–0.011, 0.011] | [0.11, 0.52] | Yes |
| Baselineblock | –0.40 | 0.22 | [–0.022, 0.022] | [–0.83, 0.02] | No |
| CF | 24.45 | 3.62 | [–0.362, 0.362] | [17.30, 31.53] | Yes |
| CFtrial | 0.67 | 0.22 | [–0.022, 0.022] | [0.24, 1.09] | Yes |
| CFblock | 1.37 | 0.45 | [–0.045, 0.045] | [0.48, 2.25] | Yes |
| FS | 20.14 | 3.31 | [–0.331, 0.331] | [13.57, 26.68] | Yes |
| FStrial | 0.33 | 0.16 | [–0.016, 0.016] | [0.01, 0.65] | No |
| FSblock | –0.24 | 0.34 | [–0.034, 0.034] | [–0.92, 0.41] | No |
| IN | – | – | – | – | – |
| INtrial | –0.64 | 0.24 | [–0.024, 0.024] | [–1.11, –0.18] | Yes |
| INblock | –0.76 | 0.52 | [–0.052, 0.052] | [–1.79, 0.25] | No |
Figure 3
Experiment 1: ROPEs and HDIs of the critical parameters. Gray shades represent the 95% HDIs. Black areas represent the ROPEs to zero. Foreperiod Sequence effect refers to the priming component and the Interaction refers to the arousal component of the sequential foreperiod effect.
Figure 4
Experiment 1: Foreperiod sequence effect (in ms) as a function of trial bin and current foreperiod. Positive values represent shorter RTs with foreperiod repetition. Two participants were excluded because of missing data points for one or more foreperiod conditions.
Table 2
Posterior characteristics of the parameters in Experiment 2. CF refers to the effect of the current foreperiod (positive values indicate that RT was shorter at the short foreperiod). For the sequential foreperiod effect, FS effect refers to the priming component (positive values indicate that RT was shorter with foreperiod repetition), and the IN refers to the arousal component (negative values mean that RT was shorter when the foreperiod of the preceding trial was short).
| PARAMETER | MEAN | SD | ROPE TO ZERO | 95% HDI | REJECT ZERO? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baselinetrial | 0.32 | 0.07 | [–0.007, 0.007] | [0.18, 0.46] | Yes |
| Baselineblock | –0.44 | 0.15 | [–0.015, 0.015] | [–0.73, –0.15] | Yes |
| CF | –10.82 | 2.53 | [–0.253, 0.253] | [–15.79, –5.88] | Yes |
| CFtrial | –0.09 | 0.15 | [–0.015, 0.015] | [–0.37, 0.20] | No |
| CFblock | 0.42 | 0.32 | [–0.032, 0.032] | [–0.20, 1.04] | No |
| FS | 5.98 | 2.31 | [–0.231, 0.231] | [1.43, 10.46] | Yes |
| FStrial | 0.01 | 0.11 | [–0.011, 0.011] | [–0.21, 0.23] | No |
| FSblock | –0.36 | 0.24 | [–0.024, 0.024] | [–0.82, 0.09] | No |
| IN | – | – | – | – | – |
| INtrial | –0.06 | 0.16 | [–0.016, 0.016] | [–0.38, 0.26] | No |
| INblock | –0.35 | 0.36 | [–0.036, 0.036] | [–1.05, 0.34] | No |
Table 3
Posterior characteristics of the parameters in Experiment 3. CF refers to the effect of the current foreperiod (positive values indicate that RT was shorter at the short foreperiod). For the sequential foreperiod effect, FS effect refers to the priming component (positive values indicate that RT was shorter with foreperiod repetition), and the IN refers to the arousal component (negative values mean that RT was shorter when the foreperiod of the preceding trial was short).
| PARAMETER | MEAN | SD | ROPE TO ZERO | 95% HDI | REJECT ZERO? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baselinetrial | 0.50 | 0.06 | [–0.006, 0.006] | [0.38, 0.64] | Yes |
| Baselineblock | 0.81 | 0.11 | [–0.011, 0.011] | [0.58, 1.02] | Yes |
| CF | 1.68 | 2.22 | [–0.222, 0.222] | [–2.57, 6.02] | No |
| CFtrial | –0.04 | 0.13 | [–0.013, 0.013] | [–0.29, 0.22] | No |
| CFblock | 0.45 | 0.24 | [–0.024, 0.024] | [–0.02, 0.92] | No |
| FS | 13.68 | 2.05 | [–0.205, 0.205] | [9.57, 17.72] | Yes |
| FStrial | –0.04 | 0.10 | [–0.010, 0.010] | [–0.24, 0.15] | No |
| FSblock | –0.19 | 0.18 | [–0.018, 0.018] | [–0.53, 0.17] | No |
| IN | – | – | – | – | – |
| INtrial | –0.04 | 0.14 | [–0.014, 0.014] | [–0.31, 0.24] | No |
| INblock | –0.56 | 0.27 | [–0.027, 0.027] | [–1.08, –0.03] | Yes |
Figure 5
Experiment 2: ROPEs and HDIs of the critical parameters. Gray shades represent the 95% HDIs. Black areas represent the ROPEs to zero. Foreperiod Sequence effect refers to the priming component and the Interaction refers to the arousal component of the sequential foreperiod effect.
Figure 6
Experiment 3: ROPEs and HDIs of the critical parameters. Gray shades represent the 95% HDIs. Black areas represent the ROPEs to zero. Foreperiod Sequence effect refers to the priming component and the Interaction refers to the arousal component of the sequential foreperiod effect.
Figure 7
Experiment 3: Foreperiod sequence effect (in ms) as a function of block bin and current foreperiod. Positive values represent shorter RTs with foreperiod repetition.
Table 4
Posterior characteristics of the parameters in Experiment 4. CF refers to the effect of the current foreperiod (positive values indicate that RT was shorter at the short foreperiod). For the sequential foreperiod effect, FS effect refers to the priming component (positive values indicate that RT was shorter with foreperiod repetition), and the IN refers to the arousal component (negative values mean that RT was shorter when the foreperiod of the preceding trial was short).
| PARAMETER | MEAN | SD | ROPE TO ZERO | 95% HDI | REJECT ZERO? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baselinetrial | 1.22 | 0.17 | [–0.017, 0.017] | [0.89, 1.56] | Yes |
| Baselineblock | 1.00 | 0.26 | [–0.026, 0.026] | [0.48, 1.51] | Yes |
| CF | –12.07 | 2.85 | [–0.285, 0.285] | [–17.72, –6.40] | Yes |
| CFtrial | 0.04 | 0.24 | [–0.024, 0.024] | [–0.42, 0.50] | No |
| CFblock | 0.87 | 0.36 | [–0.036, 0.036] | [0.14, 1.59] | Yes |
| FS | 13.71 | 2.81 | [–0.281, 0.281] | [8.33, 19.32] | Yes |
| FStrial | –0.05 | 0.23 | [–0.023, 0.023] | [–0.50, 0.39] | No |
| FSblock | 0.22 | 0.35 | [–0.035, 0.035] | [–0.47, 0.92] | No |
| IN | –14.40 | 2.84 | [–0.284, 0.284] | [–20.07, –9.04] | Yes |
| INtrial | –0.14 | 0.33 | [–0.033, 0.033] | [–0.78, 0.51] | No |
| INblock | –0.55 | 0.49 | [–0.049, 0.049] | [–1.50, 0.42] | No |
Figure 8
Experiment 4: ROPEs and HDIs of the critical parameters. Gray shades represent the 95% HDIs. Black areas represent the ROPEs to zero. Foreperiod Sequence effect refers to the priming component and the Interaction refers to the arousal component of the sequential foreperiod effect.