Table 1
Demographic and illness characteristics.
| Demographic variable | N | M | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Men | 36 | ||||
| Women | 16 | ||||
| Diagnosis | |||||
| Schizophrenia | 45 | ||||
| Schizoaffective Disorder | 7 | ||||
| First episode psychosis | 25 | ||||
| Years since onset of the disorder | 13.06 | 11.38 | 0 | 45 | |
| Age in years | 38.04 | 11.28 | 22 | 59 |
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of cognition, metacognition, and social functioning.
| M | SD | Min | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Functioning | ||||
| PSP | 57.2 | 15.3 | 25 | 80 |
| Cognitive Functioning | ||||
| TMT-A | 17.7 | 21.4 | 0 | 66 |
| TMT-B | 20.2 | 24.9 | 0 | 88 |
| DSST | 12.2 | 15.1 | 0 | 63 |
| Metacognition | ||||
| MAS Overall | 10.7 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 16.0 |
| MAS Understanding Self | 4.1 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 6.5 |
| MAS Understanding Others | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 5.0 |
| MAS Decentration | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 3.0 |
| MAS Mastery | 2.9 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 5.0 |
Table 3
Correlations between social functioning, cognitive functioning and metacognition tests.
| Social | Cognition | Metacognition Scales | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSP | TMTA | TMTB | DSST | Overall | S | U | D | M | |
| Social | |||||||||
| PSP | |||||||||
| Cogn. | |||||||||
| TMT-A | −0.03 | ||||||||
| TMT-B | 0.13 | 0.41** | |||||||
| DSST | 0.06 | 0.38** | 0.37** | ||||||
| Metacog. | |||||||||
| Overall | 0.14 | −0.07 | 0.00 | 0.16 | |||||
| Scale S | −0.01 | −0.07 | −0.02 | 0.10 | 0.79** | ||||
| Scale U | 0.24 | −0.17 | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.71** | 0.44** | |||
| Scale D | 0.27 | −0.18 | −0.02 | 0.12 | 0.56** | 0.28* | 0.48* | ||
| Scale M | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.76** | 0.46** | 0.26 | 0.20 | |
Note. Metacognition scales: S = understanding of oneself, U = understanding of others, D = decentration, M = mastery. * p < .05 (two-tailed); ** p < .01 (two-tailed).
Table 4
Correlations of symptom severity with metacognition.
| Metacognition | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | S | U | D | M | |
| Positive symptom severity | −0.08 | −0.01 | −0.21 | −0.07 | 0.02 |
| Negative symptom severity | −0.33* | −0.11 | −0.38** | −0.27 | −0.24 |
| General symptom severity | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.01 | −0.13 | 0.08 |
| Total symptom severity | −0.08 | 0.09 | −0.20 | −0.19 | −0.03 |
Note. Metacognition scales: S = understanding of oneself, U = understanding of others, D = decentration, M = mastery. * p < .05 (two-tailed); ** p < .01 (two-tailed).
Table 5
Principle components analysis loadings for neurocognitive variables.
| Factor loadings | |
|---|---|
| Trail Making Test A | 0.78 |
| Trail Making Test B | 0.77 |
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test | 0.76 |
Note. Eigenvalue = 1.77.
Figure 1
Mediation model, depicting the total effect of cognitive functioning on social functioning, with metacognition added into the model. Path coefficients represent beta weights and p-values. None of the beta weight is significant at an alpha level of .05.
Figure 2
Mediation model, with all four metacognition subscales added as parallel mediators. Path coefficients represent beta weights and p-values. None of the beta weight is significant at an alpha level of .05.