Figure 1
Summary of Tasks.
Table 1
Raw correlations between the scale variables.
| Age | EF | ENF | SIT | SIAE | SICE | TT | TCE | TAE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1 | 0.746** | 0.689** | 0.311 | 0.230 | 0.092 | -0.153 | 0.263 | 0.167 |
| EF | 1 | 0.819** | 0.238 | 0.222 | 0.055 | 0.041 | 0.293 | 0.176 | |
| ENF | 1 | 0.175 | 0.177 | 0.130 | -0.059 | -0.032 | 0.257 | ||
| SIT | 1 | 0.601** | 0.097 | 0.124 | 0.011 | 0.161 | |||
| SIAE | 1 | 0.077 | -0.075 | -0.036 | 0.243 | ||||
| SICE | 1 | -0.021 | -0.016 | -0.099 | |||||
| TT | 1 | 0.197 | -0.021 | ||||||
| TCE | 1 | 0.106 | |||||||
| TAE | 1 |
[i] Note: ** = p < 0.01, * = p < 0.05. Key to abbreviations: EF = exposure to fiction; ENF = exposure to non-fiction; SIT = story-induced transportation; SIAE = story-induced affective empathy; SICE = story-induced cognitive empathy; TT = trait transportation; TCE = trait cognitive empathy; TAE = trait affective empathy.
Table 2
Partial correlations controlling for Age, Exposure to Fiction and Exposure to Non-fiction.
| Age | EF | ENF | SIT | SIAE | SICE | TT | TCE | TAE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EF (Controlling for Age) | 1 | 0.631** | 0.010 | 0.077 | -0.020 | 0.236 | 0.150 | 0.048 |
| ENF (Controlling for Age) | - | 1 | -0.056 | -0.027 | 0.092 | 0.065 | -0.305 | 0.181 |
| EF (Controlling for Age and ENF) | 1 | - | 0.058 | 0.078 | -0.101 | 0.253 | 0.464** | -0.062 |
| ENF (Controlling for Age and EF) | - | 1 | -0.080 | -0.028 | 0.135 | -0.112 | -0.522** | 0.193 |
[i] Note: ** = p < 0.01. Key to abbreviations: EF = exposure to fiction; ENF = exposure to non-fiction; SIT = story-induced transportation; SIAE = story-induced affective empathy; SICE = story-induced cognitive empathy; TT = trait transportation; TCE = trait cognitive empathy; TAE = trait affective empathy.
Table 3
Summary of multiple regression analysis indicating the contribution of candidate predictor variables to variations in Story-induced Cognitive Empathy and Story-induced Affective Empathy.
| Regression # | Predictors | Criterion | B | SE | β | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Age | SICE | 0.010 | 0.114 | 0.029 | 0.931 |
| EF | -0.130 | 0.168 | -0.347 | 0.448 | ||
| ENF | 0.340 | 0.348 | 0.425 | 0.338 | ||
| SIT | 0.032 | 0.119 | 0.070 | 0.680 | ||
| TT | 0.029 | 0.151 | 0.043 | 0.851 | ||
| TCE | 0.103 | 0.247 | 0.107 | 0.680 | ||
| TAE | -0.279 | 0.304 | -0.204 | 0.367 | ||
| 2 | Age | SIAE | -0.039 | 0.102 | -.099 | 0.709 |
| EF | 0.128 | 0.151 | 0.295 | 0.406 | ||
| ENF | -0.164 | 0.317 | -0.177 | 0.611 | ||
| SIT | 0.301 | 0.088 | 0.580 | 0.002 | ||
| TT | -0.164 | 0.132 | -0.213 | 0.226 | ||
| TCE | -0.100 | 0.222 | -0.089 | 0.658 | ||
| TAE | 0.347 | 0.269 | 0.220 | 0.209 |
[i] Note: B = unstandardised coefficient; β = standardised coefficient. Key to abbreviations: EF = exposure to fiction; ENF = exposure to non-fiction; SIT = story-induced transportation; SIAE = story-induced affective empathy; SICE = story-induced cognitive empathy; TT = trait transportation; TCE = trait cognitive empathy; TAE = trait affective empathy.
Table 4
Summary of logistic regression analysis indicating the contribution of candidate predictor variables to Helping Tendencies.
| Regression # | Predictors | Criterion | B | SE | β | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Age | Helping Tendencies | 0.092 | 0.089 | 1.096 | 0.304 |
| EF | -0.150 | 0.132 | 0.861 | 0.257 | ||
| ENF | 0.435 | 0.313 | 1.546 | 0.164 | ||
| SICE | 0.051 | 0.166 | 1.053 | 0.758 | ||
| SIT | -0.008 | 0.110 | 0.992 | 0.945 | ||
| SIAE | 0.460 | 0.221 | 1.584 | 0.038 | ||
| TT | 0.270 | 0.131 | 1.309 | 0.040 | ||
| TCE | -0.155 | 0.180 | 0.857 | 0.390 | ||
| TAE | -0.206 | 0.245 | 0.814 | 0.400 |
[i] Note: B = unstandardised coefficient; β = standardised coefficient. Key to abbreviations: EF = exposure to fiction; ENF = exposure to non-fiction; SIT = story-induced transportation; SIAE = story-induced affective empathy; SICE = story-induced cognitive empathy; TT = trait transportation; TCE = trait cognitive empathy; TAE = trait affective empathy.