Table 1
Sexual Boundary Violations (SBVs).
| SBV | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Overt Harassment | Blatant sexual badgering so as to pressure someone into unwanted sexual encounters | Made a sexual joke about a person, without his/her permission or after they asked to stop |
| Covert Harassment | Passive violation so as to pressure someone into unwanted sex | Showed someone porn “accidentally” |
| Social Badgering | Premeditated intrusion of one’s intimate space through exploitation of social networks or repetitive initiations of contact | Made contact with the parents or family of a person, who had tried to terminate a relationship |
| Vengeful Manipulation | Publicly discussing sexual matters of a desired mate or ex-partner | Spread rumors about the sexual orientation of someone against their will |
| Stalking | Giving people unwanted presents, showing unexpectedly at place of employment or residence, sending texts, or calling repeatedly | Gave presents to a person who had tried to terminate a relationship |
| Lying | Telling lies in order to gain sexual contact | Told a lie to have a person engage in oral sex |
| Betting | Use of bets, dares, or pledges to gain sexual contact | Got a person to masturbate or “play with” breast, vagina, or penis to fulfill a pledge, bet, or deal |
Table 2
Perpetration of SBVs in the entire sample and by sex: t-test results.
| SBV | Total n = 430 | Male n = 134 | Female n = 296 | t-test | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | Max value | M | SD | Max value | M | SD | Max value | t (428) | p-value | |
| Overt Harassment | 2.10 | 9.18 | 104 | 2.88 | 11.95 | 104 | 1.75 | 7.61 | 100 | 1.179 | .239 |
| Covert Harassment | .63 | 3.27 | 32 | .66 | 2.54 | 16 | .63 | 3.56 | 32 | .093 | .926 |
| Social Badgering | 3.32 | 9.73 | 120 | 2.5 | 5.41 | 46 | 3.69 | 11.14 | 120 | –1.178 | .240 |
| Vengeful Manipulation | 24.86 | 54.40 | 400 | 39.46 | 74.33 | 400 | 18.25 | 40.88 | 300 | 3.803** | .000 |
| Stalking | 1.25 | 6.30 | 100 | .53 | 1.71 | 11 | 1.57 | 7.49 | 100 | –1.595 | .111 |
| Lying | .43 | 3.75 | 59 | .16 | .84 | 8 | .55 | 4.48 | 59 | –.999 | .318 |
| Betting | .79 | 3.46 | 56 | .76 | 2.17 | 10 | .80 | 3.91 | 56 | –.109 | .913 |
| Total SBVs | 33.39 | 63.27 | 432 | 46.95 | 80.20 | 404 | 27.25 | 52.92 | 432 | 3.019* | .003 |
[i] Note: Max value indicates the highest number of times participants reported perpetrating SBVs, lowest number was 0 for every act; * indicates statistical significance level lower than .01; ** indicates statistical significance lower than .001.
Table 3
Factor loadings for factor analysis with Varimax rotation of SBV behavior subscales.
| Variable | Factor 1/Disguised SBVs | Factor 2/Undisguised SBVs |
|---|---|---|
| Overt Harassment | .126 | .564 |
| Covert Harassment | .733 | .002 |
| Social Badgering | .001 | .812 |
| Vengeful Manipulation | .015 | .535 |
| Stalking | .031 | .655 |
| Lying | .904 | .093 |
| Betting | .902 | .092 |
[i] Note: Bold indicates factor loadings greater than .4.
Table 4
Sex differences on sensitivity to temptation, neuroticism, executive functioning, and psychopathic traits.
| Measure | Male | Female | t-test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | t (428) | p-value | |
| Sensitivity to Temptation | 113.71 | 146.08 | 89.44 | 89.68 | 2.113* | .035 |
| Neuroticism | 30.87 | 2.97 | 29.21 | 2.68 | 5.775** | .000 |
| Executive Functioning | 1.35 | .79 | 1.63 | .74 | –3.594** | .000 |
| Psychopathic Traits | –11.16 | 11.03 | –16.01 | 8.78 | 4.885** | .000 |
[i] Note: * p < .05, ** p < .01.
Table 5
Summary of correlations for Sexual Boundary Violations, impulsivity measures (sensitivity to temptation, neuroticism, and executive functioning), and psychopathic traits.
| Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Overt Harassment | – | ||||||||||||
| 2. Covert Harassment | .12* | – | |||||||||||
| 3. Social Badgering | .24** | .00 | – | ||||||||||
| 4. Vengeful Manipulation | .18** | .04 | .30** | – | |||||||||
| 5. Stalking | .18** | .04 | .41** | .05 | – | ||||||||
| 6. Lying | .13** | .47** | .09 | .03 | .11* | – | |||||||
| 7. Betting | .10* | .47** | .10* | .09 | .07 | .81** | – | ||||||
| 8. Disguised SBVs | .14** | .75** | .07 | .06 | .09 | .91** | .90** | – | |||||
| 9. Undisguised SBVs | .37** | .05 | .50** | .96 ** | .23** | .07 | .12* | .10* | – | ||||
| 10. Total SBVs | .38** | .16** | .50** | .95 ** | .24** | .20** | .24** | .23** | .99** | – | |||
| 11. Sensitivity to Temptation | .21** | –.02 | .31** | .32 ** | .11* | .00 | .05 | .01 | .37** | .36** | – | ||
| 12. Neuroticism | .03 | .03 | –.03 | .11 * | .03 | .02 | .02 | .03 | .10 * | .10* | –.03 | – | |
| 13. Executive Functioning | .08 | –.02 | .24** | .16** | .14** | .01 | .05 | .01 | .21** | .20** | .30** | –.31** | – |
| 14. Psychopathic Traits | .11* | .05 | .18** | .07 | .14** | .04 | .06 | .06 | .13* | .13** | .20** | –.09 | .25** |
[i] Note: * p < .05, ** p < .01.
Table 6
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses predicting disguised SBVs, undisguised SBVs and total SBVs based on sex, sensitivity to temptation, neuroticism, executive functioning, and psychopathic traits.
| Dependent V Predictor | Disguised SBVs | Undisguised SBVs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | β | ΔR2 | F | β | ΔR2 | |
| Sex | .182 | .052 | .000 | 9.964* | –.109 | .023 |
| Sensitivity to Temptation | .145 | .006 | .000 | 37.487* | .306 | .127 |
| Neuroticism | .289 | .049 | .001 | 26.230 | .126 | .007 |
| Executive Functioning | .238 | –.001 | .000 | 22.406* | .151 | .018 |
| Psychopathic Traits | .586 | .074 | .005 | 17.900 | .013 | .000 |
Note: * p < .01.