Table 1
Insomnia and its association with demographic/clinical characteristics.
| Characteristics | Levels | Insomnia 84(42%) | No insomnia 116(58%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n(%) | n | % | n | % | P-value | ||
| Gender | Female | 85(42.5) | 42 | 49.4 | 43 | 50.6 | 0.068 |
| Male | 115(57.5) | 42 | 36.5 | 73 | 63.5 | ||
| Education | Illiterate | 69(34.5) | 24 | 34.8 | 45 | 65.2 | 0.133 |
| Non-illiterate | 131(65.5) | 60 | 45.8 | 71 | 54.2 | ||
| Occupation | Employed | 22(11.0) | 7 | 31.8 | 15 | 68.2 | 0.305 |
| Unemployed | 178(89.0) | 77 | 43.3 | 101 | 56.7 | ||
| Smoking | Yes | 159(79.5) | 69 | 43.4 | 90 | 56.6 | 0.431 |
| No | 41(20.5) | 15 | 36.6 | 26 | 63.4 | ||
| Coffee Intake | Yes | 58(29.0) | 33 | 56.9 | 25 | 43.1 | 0.006* |
| No | 142(71.0) | 51 | 35.9 | 91 | 64.1 | ||
| Depression | Yes | 59(29.5) | 12 | 20.3 | 47 | 79.7 | 0.001* |
| No | 141(70.5) | 72 | 51.1 | 69 | 48.9 | ||
| HTN | Yes | 42(21.0) | 19 | 45.2 | 23 | 54.8 | 0.632 |
| No | 158(79.0) | 65 | 41.1 | 93 | 58.9 | ||
| Cause of liver cirrhosis | B | 38(19.4) | 14 | 36.8 | 24 | 63.2 | 0.001* |
| C | 118(60.2) | 61 | 51.7 | 57 | 48.3 | ||
| Others | 40(20.4) | 6 | 15.0 | 34 | 85.0 | ||
| CTP | A | 80(40.0) | 44 | 55.0 | 36 | 45.0 | 0.009* |
| B | 84(42.0) | 27 | 32.1 | 57 | 67.9 | ||
| C | 36(18.0) | 13 | 36.1 | 23 | 63.9 | ||
| EDS | ESS >10, Yes | 59(29.5) | 39 | 66.1 | 20 | 33.9 | 0.001* |
| ESS ≤ 10, No | 141(70.5) | 45 | 31.9 | 96 | 68.1 | ||
| Cannot sleep within 30 minutes | Yes | 141(70.5) | 72 | 51.1 | 69 | 48.9 | 0.001* |
| No | 59(29.5) | 12 | 20.3 | 47 | 79.7 | ||
| Sleep duration | < 5 hours | 86(43.0) | 48 | 55.8 | 38 | 44.2 | 0.002* |
| 6–7 hours | 102(51.0) | 31 | 30.4 | 71 | 69.6 | ||
| ≥8 hours | 12(6.0) | 5 | 41.7 | 7 | 58.3 | ||
| Age | Mean±SD | 58.9±12.2 | 61.6±12.0 | 57.0±12.0 | 0.008# | ||
| BMI | Mean±SD | 27.7±5.7 | 27.7±5.7 | 27.7±5.8 | 0.970 | ||
| Neck size | Mean±SD | 37.2±4.0 | 37.8±4.2 | 36.7±3.7 | 0.043# | ||
[i] # The t-test statistic is significant at the .05 level. *The Chi-square statistic is significant at the .05 level.
Table 2
Multivariate regression identified the factors associated with the presence of insomnia.
| Parameter | Levels | Estimate | SE | P-value | OR | 95% Confidence Limits | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | -1.08 | 0.40 | 0.007 | ||||
| Coffee Intake | Yes | 0.50 | 0.21 | 0.020* | 2.7 | 1.167 | 6.252 |
| Depression | Yes | -0.63 | 0.26 | 0.014* | 0.3 | 0.103 | 0.778 |
| Cause of liver cirrhosis | B | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.352 | 4.4 | 1.108 | 17.711 |
| Cause of liver cirrhosis | C | 0.82 | 0.30 | 0.006* | 7.2 | 2.169 | 23.776 |
| CTP | A | 0.60 | 0.29 | 0.034* | 1.9 | 0.621 | 5.609 |
| CTP | B | -0.58 | 0.28 | 0.036* | 0.6 | 0.193 | 1.675 |
| EDS | Yes | 0.84 | 0.22 | 0.001* | 5.3 | 2.239 | 12.706 |
| Cannot sleep within 30 minutes | Yes | 0.79 | 0.24 | 0.001* | 4.9 | 1.923 | 12.33 |
| Sleep duration | ≤ 5 hours | 1.06 | 0.38 | 0.006* | 5.7 | 2.398 | 13.386 |
| Sleep duration | ≥8 hours | -0.38 | 0.60 | 0.533 | 1.4 | 0.223 | 8.217 |
[i] *The Wald Chi-square statistic is significant at the .05 level.
Figure 1
The percents of insomnia among patients with liver cirrhosis across cause of liver cirrhosis.
Figure 2
The percents of insomnia among patients with liver cirrhosis across CTP.