Table 1
The Sleep Regularity Questionnaire (16), including the original 10-item tool, the reduced 6-items in bold (used in the current study). The Circadian Regularity subscale is highlighted in light grey, and the Sleep Continuity subscale in dark grey.
| NOT AT ALL (0) | A LITTLE BIT (1) | SOMEWHAT (2) | MODERATELY (3) | VERY MUCH (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. I go to bed at about the same time every night | |||||
| 2. It takes me about the same amount of time to fall asleep each night | |||||
| 3. I wake up for about the same number of times each night | |||||
| 4. I spend about the same amount of time awake each night | |||||
| 5. I wake up at about the same time each morning | |||||
| 6. I get out of bed at about the same time each morning | |||||
| 7. I feel about equally refreshed upon waking up each morning | |||||
| 8. I am asleep for about the same amount of time every night | |||||
| 9. I take (or do not take) a similar number and duration of naps each day | |||||
| 10. My sleep on weekdays and weekends is about the same |
Table 2
Pearson correlations (r) between SRQ scores and objective sleep–wake regularity metrics derived from the smart ring (n = 31). Pearson r values include 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. p is the two-sided unadjusted p-value for each correlation.
| OBJECTIVE REGULARITY METRIC | CIRCADIAN REGULARITY r | P | SLEEP CONTINUITY REGULARITY r | P | SRQ GLOBAL r | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) | 0.012 (–0.344, 0.365) | 0.949 | 0.108 (–0.256, 0.445) | 0.562 | 0.067 (–0.295, 0.411) | 0.722 |
| Interdaily stability (IS) | 0.123 (–0.242, 0.458) | 0.509 | 0.154 (–0.212, 0.482) | 0.408 | 0.170 (–0.197, 0.494) | 0.362 |
| Social Jetlag (SJL) | 0.357 (0.003, 0.631) | 0.049 | 0.181 (–0.185, 0.503) | 0.330 | 0.349 (–0.006, 0.626) | 0.054 |
| Composite Phase Deviation (CPD) | 0.273 (–0.090, 0.572) | 0.137 | 0.127 (–0.238, 0.461) | 0.495 | 0.261 (–0.103, 0.563) | 0.156 |
| Bedtime variability | 0.281 (–0.081, 0.578) | 0.125 | 0.062 (–0.299, 0.408) | 0.739 | 0.232 (–0.133, 0.542) | 0.209 |
| Waketime variability | 0.079 (–0.284, 0.421) | 0.674 | 0.036 (–0.322, 0.386) | 0.846 | 0.075 (–0.287, 0.418) | 0.689 |
Figure 1
Association between SRQ Global score and device-derived Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) in adults wearing a smart ring (n = 31). Each point represents one participant’s SRQ Global score and ring-derived SRI averaged across the monitoring period.
Figure 2
Association between SRQ Global score and device-derived interdaily stability (IS) in adults wearing a smart ring (n = 31). Each point represents one participant’s SRQ Global score and IS computed from the actigraphy-derived sleep–wake series.
Table 3
Spearman correlations (r) between SRQ scores and diary-derived sleep outcomes. Values are Spearman r with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. p is the two-sided unadjusted p-value for each correlation. p (FDR) is the corresponding p-value adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate procedure across all SRQ × outcome combinations (3 SRQ scores × 7 diary outcomes).
| DIARY OUTCOME | CIRCADIAN REGULARITY r | p | p (FDR) | SLEEP CONTINUITY r | p | p (FDR) | SRQ GLOBAL r | p | p (FDR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived sleep quality (/10) | 0.404 (0.132, 0.619) | 0.005 | 0.051 | 0.191 (–0.102, 0.454) | 0.198 | 0.685 | 0.407 (0.135, 0.621) | 0.005 | 0.051 |
| Bedtime variability | –0.303 (–0.553, –0.003) | 0.048 | 0.254 | –0.274 (–0.531, 0.028) | 0.075 | 0.316 | –0.352 (–0.590, –0.058) | 0.021 | 0.144 |
| Waketime variability | –0.064 (–0.351, 0.234) | 0.676 | 0.878 | –0.045 (–0.334, 0.252) | 0.768 | 0.896 | –0.101 (–0.383, 0.198) | 0.509 | 0.801 |
| Mid-sleep variability | –0.005 (–0.305, 0.296) | 0.977 | 0.986 | –0.188 (–0.462, 0.120) | 0.228 | 0.685 | –0.150 (–0.431, 0.158) | 0.338 | 0.789 |
| Mean Total Sleep Time | 0.153 (–0.140, 0.422) | 0.303 | 0.789 | 0.011 (–0.277, 0.297) | 0.943 | 0.986 | 0.108 (–0.185, 0.383) | 0.469 | 0.801 |
| Total Sleep Time variability | –0.062 (–0.349, 0.236) | 0.688 | 0.878 | –0.057 (–0.345, 0.241) | 0.711 | 0.878 | –0.107 (–0.389, 0.192) | 0.483 | 0.801 |
| Social jetlag (SJL) | –0.003 (–0.306, 0.301) | 0.986 | 0.986 | –0.128 (–0.415, 0.183) | 0.421 | 0.801 | –0.099 (–0.391, 0.212) | 0.534 | 0.801 |
Figure 3
Spearman correlations between SRQ scores and diary-derived sleep outcomes (n = 52). Rows show the three SRQ scales (Circadian Regularity, Sleep Continuity, and SRQ Global score), and columns show participant-level diary outcomes (perceived sleep quality, variability [SD] in bedtime, waketime, midsleep and total sleep time (TST), mean TST, and social jetlag).
Figure 4
Association between SRQ Global score and perceived sleep quality in the sleep-diary sample (n = 52). Each point represents one participant’s SRQ Global score (x-axis) and mean perceived sleep quality over 7 nights (/10; y-axis).