Figure 1
Evening melatonin levels according to genotype. There was a significant effect of ADA genotype on evening melatonin levels. Higher melatonin levels were measured in the AG genotype group (less enzymatic activity, higher adenosine) relative to the GG genotype group. Data are means ± SD, * = p < 0.05.
Table 1
Descriptive Information for all variables by ADA group.
| AG GENOTYPE MEAN (SD) | GG GENOTYPE MEAN (SD) | t | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melatonin (pg/mL) | 25.27 | 13.98 | 20.45 | 8.68 | -2.51 | .014 |
| Perceived Stress (PSS) | 17.00 | 9.02 | 14.29 | 6.12 | -1.91 | .058 |
| State Anxiety (STAI) | 32.08 | 12.22 | 31.91 | 8.54 | -0.08 | .931 |
| Trait Anxiety (STAI) | 39.13 | 9.12 | 36.05 | 8.35 | -1.81 | .072 |
| Depressive symptomatology (CESD) | 8.78 | 6.92 | 9.07 | 6.79 | 0.21 | .837 |
| Profile of Mood States (POMS) | 10.69 | 19.22 | 4.54 | 17.99 | -1.70 | .092 |
| Insomnia Severity (ISI) | 7.25 | 5.63 | 7.01 | 4.60 | -0.24 | .807 |
| Sleepiness (ESS) | 7.69 | 3.85 | 8.59 | 3.67 | 1.23 | .220 |
| Sleep Quality (PSQI) | 4.14 | 2.95 | 5.40 | 2.56 | 2.38 | .019 |
| Chronotype (MEQ) | 8.24 | 3.52 | 8.44 | 3.96 | 0.20 | 0.84 |
[i] * p < .05; Bolded p values are statistically different between the ADA genotypes.
Table 2
Correlations between Melatonin, Sleep, and Psychological Health Variables by Genotype. GG below the diagonal; AG above the diagonal.
| MELATONIN | PSS | STAI STATE | STAI TRAIT | CESD | PSQI | POMS | ESS | ISS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melatonin | –.077 | –.203 | –.022 | –.222 | –.404** | –.296 | –.095 | –.165 | |
| PSS | –.111 | –.348* | .712**** | .423** | –.259 | .125 | –.057 | –.221 | |
| STAI State | –.029 | .455**** | –.182 | .241 | .377* | .325* | –.116 | .462** | |
| STAI Trait | –.034 | .678**** | .605**** | .407* | –.310 | .043 | –.085 | –.231 | |
| CESD | –.097 | .694**** | .484**** | .655**** | .408* | .451** | –.039 | .499** | |
| PSQI | –.050 | .053 | .011 | .044 | .655**** | .203 | .040 | .151 | |
| POMS | .052 | .315** | .508**** | .373*** | .362** | –.015 | .103 | .425** | |
| ESS | .143 | .205 | .016 | .186 | .128 | .218 | .122 | .037 | |
| ISS | .077 | .298** | .183 | .293* | –.237* | .080 | .254* | .499*** |
[i] * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001, **** p < .0001.
Bolded correlations are statistically different between the ADA genotypes.