Table 1
Descriptive statistics (M, SD, n and %) and test statistics for participant characteristics as a function of chronotype.
| M-types | E-types | Test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | M = 24.86 (7.07) | M = 24.65 (4.25) | t(40) = .12, p = .905 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | n = 5 (22.7%) | n = 8 (40.0%) | X2 = 1.46, p = .227 |
| Female | n = 17 (77.3%) | n = 12 (60.0%) | |
| Relationship status | |||
| Single | n = 11 (50.0%) | n = 9 (45.0%) | X2 = 0.49, p = .782 |
| Relationship | n = 10 (45.5%) | n = 9 (45.0%) | |
| Married | n = 1 (4.5%) | n = 2 (10.0%) | |
| Dimensions of the MESSi | |||
| MA | M = 21.64 (2.12) | M = 10.70 (2.45) | t(40) = 15.44, p < .001 |
| EV | M = 10.86 (3.37) | M = 19.85 (2.54) | t(40) = –9.81, p < .001 |
| DI | M = 18.27 (3.82) | M = 20.30 (3.08) | t(40) = –1.90, p = .065 |
Table 2
Descriptive and test statistic (M and SD) of the temperature (mean value in Celsius), nadir and acrophase values of the temperature (in Celsius) and the amplitude of the temperature.
| M-types | E-types | Test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall temperature | M = 33.41 (1.96) | M = 33.29 (1.71) | t(19624) = 4.53, p < .001 |
| Temperature during nadir | M = 32.22 (1.08) | M = 32.13 (0.99) | t(39) = 0.27, p = .787 |
| Temperature during acrophase | M = 34.57 (0.90) | M = 34.40 (0.83) | t(39) = 0.64, p = .527 |
| Amplitude | 2.36 (1.40) | 2.27 (1.02) | t(39) = 0.23, p = .828 |
Figure 1
Actual and predicted skin temperature values for E-types.
Figure 2
Actual and predicted skin temperature values for M-types.
Table 3
Test statistic of the MANOVA (df, F, p-values and effect size) for the effect of Chronotype on the cortisol levels in the morning and the CAR.
| Variables | df | F | p | ηp2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| t1 | 1, 38 | 2.99 | .092 | .073 |
| t2 | 1, 38 | 0.05 | .833 | .001 |
| CAR | 1, 38 | 0.94 | .340 | .024 |
[i] t1 = first cortisol probe directly after awakening; t2 = second cortisol probe 30 minutes after awakening; CAR = Cortisol-Awakening-Response.