References
- 1Camp, GV. Cardiovascular disease prevention. Acta Clin Belg. 2014 Dec 1; 69(6): 407–11. DOI: 10.1179/2295333714Y.0000000069
- 2Moran, AE, Roth, GA, Narula, J and Mensah, GA. 1990–2010 Global Cardiovascular Disease Atlas. Glob Heart. 2014 Mar 1; 9(1): 3–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1220
- 3Mathers, CD, Boerma, T and Ma Fat, D. Global and regional causes of death. Br Med Bull. 2009; 92: 7–32. DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldp028
- 4The top 10 causes of death [Internet]. World Health Organization. [cited 2018 Jun 12]. Available from:
http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death . - 5Deaño, RC, Pandya, A, Jones, EC and Borden, WB. A look at statin cost-effectiveness in view of the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol management guidelines. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2014 Sep; 16(9): 438. DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0438-9
- 6Stone, NJ, Robinson, J, Lichtenstein, AH, Merz, CNB, Blum, CB, Eckel, RH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation; 2013 Jan 1. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a
- 7Mancia, G, De Backer, G, Dominiczak, A, Cifkova, R, Fagard, R, Germano, G, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertensionThe Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2007 Jun 1; 28(12): 1462–536.
- 8Taylor, F, Huffman, MD, Macedo, AF, Moore, THM, Burke, M, Davey Smith, G, et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31; 1. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004816.pub5
- 9Ray, KK, Kastelein, JJP, Boekholdt, SM, Nicholls, SJ, Khaw, K-T, Ballantyne, CM, et al. The ACC/AHA 2013 guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in adults: the good the bad and the uncertain: a comparison with ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias 2011. Eur Heart J. 2014 Apr; 35(15): 960–8. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu107
- 10Kim, K-I, Nikzad, N, Quer, G, Wineinger, NE, Vegreville, M, Normand, A, et al. Real World Home Blood Pressure Variability in Over 56,000 Individuals With Nearly 17 Million Measurements. Am J Hypertens. 2018 Apr 13; 31(5): 566–73. DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx221
- 11Vischer, AS and Burkard, T. Principles of Blood Pressure Measurement – Current Techniques, Office vs Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017; 956: 85–96. DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_49
- 12Perez-Lloret, S, Aguirre, AG, Cardinali, DP and Toblli, JE. Disruption of ultradian and circadian rhythms of blood pressure in nondipper hypertensive patients. Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979. 2004 Sep; 44(3): 311–5.
- 13Hermida, RC, Ayala, DE, Mojón, A and Fernández, JR. Decreasing Sleep-Time Blood Pressure Determined by Ambulatory Monitoring Reduces Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Sep 6; 58(11): 1165–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.04.043
- 14Verdecchia, P, Angeli, F, Mazzotta, G, Garofoli, M, Ramundo, E, Gentile, G, et al. Day-Night Dip and Early-Morning Surge in Blood Pressure in HypertensionNovelty and Significance: Prognostic Implications. Hypertension. 2012 Jul 1; 60(1): 34–42. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.191858
- 15Israel, S, Israel, A, Ben-Dov, IZ and Bursztyn, M. The morning blood pressure surge and all-cause mortality in patients referred for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Hypertens. 2011 Jul; 24(7): 796–801. DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.58
- 16Matteucci, E and Giampietro, O. Circadian rhythm of blood pressure in diabetes mellitus: evidence, mechanisms and implications. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2012 Sep; 8(5): 355–61. DOI: 10.2174/157339912802083496
- 17Jia, E-Z, Xu, Z-X, Cai, H-Z, Guo, C, Li, L, Zhu, T-B, et al. Time Distribution of the Onset of Chest Pain in Subjects with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Eight-Year, Single-Center Study in China. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2012 Mar 12; 7(3). Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3299668/ . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032478 - 18Celık, M, Celık, T, Iyısoy, A, Yuksel, UC, Bugan, B, Demırkol, S, et al. Circadian variation of acute st segment elevation myocardial infarction by anatomic location in a Turkish cohort. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2011 Apr 1; 17(4): CR210–5. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.881717
- 19Ollerton, RL, Playle, R, Ahmed, K, Dunstan, FD, Luzio, SD and Owens, DR. Day-to-day variability of fasting plasma glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 1999 Mar; 22(3): 394–8. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.22.3.394
- 20King, AB. Misled by the Morning “Fasting” Plasma Glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2015 May 13; 9(6): 1342–5. DOI: 10.1177/1932296815586425
- 21Monnier, L, Colette, C, Dejager, S and Owens, D. Magnitude of the Dawn Phenomenon and Its Impact on the Overall Glucose Exposure in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013 Dec; 36(12): 4057–62. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2127
- 22Mejean, L, Bicakova-Rocher, A, Kolopp, M, Villaume, C, Levi, F, Debry, G, et al. Circadian and ultradian rhythms in blood glucose and plasma insulin of healthy adults. Chronobiol Int. 1988; 5(3): 227–36. DOI: 10.3109/07420528809079564
- 23Scheen, AJ, Sturis, J, Polonsky, KS and Van Cauter, E. Alterations in the ultradian oscillations of insulin secretion and plasma glucose in aging. Diabetologia. 1996 May; 39(5): 564–72. DOI: 10.1007/BF00403303
- 24Dana, L. Setting Expectations for Successful Artificial Pancreas/Hybrid Closed Loop/AutomatedInsulin Delivery Adoption. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2018; 12(2): 533–4. DOI: 10.1177/1932296817730083
- 25Visentin, R, Dalla Man, C, Kudva, YC, Basu, A, and Cobelli, C. Circadian Variability of Insulin Sensitivity: Physiological Input for In Silico Artificial Pancreas. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015 Jan 1; 17(1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2014.0192
- 26Rivera-Coll, A, Fuentes-Arderiu, X and Díez-Noguera, A. Circadian rhythmic variations in serum concentrations of clinically important lipids. Clin Chem. 1994 Aug 1; 40(8): 1549–53.
- 27Singh, R, Sharma, S, Singh, RK and Cornelissen, G. Circadian Time Structure of Circulating Plasma Lipid Components in Healthy Indians of Different Age Groups. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2016 Apr; 31(2): 215–23. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0519-8
- 28Casale, G and Macelloni, R. Circadian rhythms of lipidic fractions in elderly persons. Z Alternsforsch. 1985 Oct; 40(5): 309–11.
- 29Durrington, PN. Biological variation in serum lipid concentrations. Scand J Clin Lab Investig Suppl. 1990; 198: 86–91. DOI: 10.1080/00365519009091092
- 30Ho, KJ. Circadian rhythm of cholesterol biosynthesis: dietary regulation in the liver and small intestine of hamsters. Int J Chronobiol. 1979; 6(1): 39–50.
- 31Ahlers, I, Ahlersová, E, Smajda, B and Sedláková, A. Circadian rhythm of serum and tissue lipids in fed and fasted rats. Physiol Bohemoslov. 1980; 29(6): 525–33.
- 32Mondola, P, Gambardella, P, Santangelo, F, Santillo, M and Greco, AM. Circadian rhythms of lipid and apolipoprotein pattern in adult fasted rats. Physiol Behav. 1995 Jul; 58(1): 175–80. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(95)00016-C
- 33Gooley, JJ. Circadian regulation of lipid metabolism. Proc Nutr Soc. 2016 Nov; 75(4): 440–50. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665116000288
- 34Poggiogalle, E, Jamshed, H and Peterson, CM. Circadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans. Metabolism. 2018 Jul 1; 84: 11–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.017
- 35Gnocchi, D, Pedrelli, M, Hurt-Camejo, E and Parini, P. Lipids around the Clock: Focus on Circadian Rhythms and Lipid Metabolism. Biology. 2015 Feb 5; 4(1): 104–32. DOI: 10.3390/biology4010104
- 36Chua, EC-P, Shui, G, Lee, IT-G, Lau, P, Tan, L-C, Yeo, S-C, et al. Extensive diversity in circadian regulation of plasma lipids and evidence for different circadian metabolic phenotypes in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Aug 27; 110(35): 14468–73. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222647110
- 37van den Berg, R, Noordam, R, Kooijman, S, Jansen, SWM, Akintola, AA, Slagboom, PE, et al. Familial longevity is characterized by high circadian rhythmicity of serum cholesterol in healthy elderly individuals. Aging Cell. 2017 Apr; 16(2): 237–43. DOI: 10.1111/acel.12547
- 38van Kerkhof, LWM, van Dycke, KCG, Jansen, EHJM, Beekhof, PK, van Oostrom, CTM, Ruskovska, T, et al. Diurnal Variation of Hormonal and Lipid Biomarkers in a Molecular Epidemiology-Like Setting. PloS One. 2015; 10(8):
e0135652 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135652 - 39Trotti, R, Rondanelli, M, Cuzzoni, G, Ferrari, E and d’Eril, GM. Circadian temporal organization of lipidic fractions in elderly people. Entrainment to the dietary schedule. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2002 Apr; 14(2): 94–9. DOI: 10.1007/BF03324422
- 40Loizides-Mangold, U, Perrin, L, Vandereycken, B, Betts, JA, Walhin, J-P, Templeman, I, et al. Lipidomics reveals diurnal lipid oscillations in human skeletal muscle persisting in cellular myotubes cultured in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2017 Oct 10; 114(41): E8565–74. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705821114
- 41Choi, JH, Jeong, E, Youn, BS and Kim, MS. Distinct Ultradian Rhythms in Plasma Clusterin Concentrations in Lean and Obese Korean Subjects. Endocrinol Metab Seoul Korea; 2018 May 4.
- 42Tolle, V, Bassant, M-H, Zizzari, P, Poindessous-Jazat, F, Tomasetto, C, Epelbaum, J, et al. Ultradian rhythmicity of ghrelin secretion in relation with GH, feeding behavior, and sleep-wake patterns in rats. Endocrinology. 2002 Apr; 143(4): 1353–61. DOI: 10.1210/endo.143.4.8712
- 43Woods, M, Schaefer, EJ, Morrill, A, Goldin, BR, Longcope, C, Dwyer, JD, et al. Effect of menstrual cycle phase on plasma lipids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Aug; 65(2): 321–3. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-65-2-321
- 44Schisterman, EF, Mumford, SL and Sjaarda, LA. Failure to Consider the Menstrual Cycle Phase May Cause Misinterpretation of Clinical and Research Findings of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Premenopausal Women. Epidemiol Rev. 2014; 36(1): 71–82. DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxt007
- 45Dalpino, FB, Menna-Barreto, L and de Faria, EC. Influences of sex and age on biological rhythms of serum lipids and lipoproteins. Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Aug 11; 406(1): 57–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.05.011
- 46Then and Now: ATP III vs. IV [Internet]. American College of Cardiology. [cited 2018 Jun 19]. Available from:
http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2014/07/18/16/03/then-and-now-atp-iii-vs-iv . - 47Vayena, E, Brownsword, R, Edwards, SJ, Greshake, B, Kahn, JP, Ladher, N, et al. Research led by participants: a new social contract for a new kind of research. J Med Ethics. 2016; 42(4): 216–9. DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2015-102663
- 48ICMJE|Recommendations|Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jul 8]. Available from:
http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html . - 49Wolf, G and Ramirez, E. Quantified Self/Public Health Symposium; 2014. Available from:
http://quantifiedself.com/symposium/Symposium-2014/QSPublicHealth2014_Report.pdf . - 50PTS Diagnostics. Clinical Comparison of Point-of-Care and Conventional Laboratory for Lipid Panel Testing.
- 51Sblendorio, V, Palmieri, B and Riccioni, G. Blood cholesterol concentration measured by CR3000: fingerstick versus venous sampling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2008 Sep; 21(3): 729–33. DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100328
- 52Yogeeswaran, G, Jebaraj, CE and Sriram, V. Comparative evaluation of ultramicro-and macro-chemo enzyme based assays of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. Indian J Clin Biochem IJCB. 1999 Jul; 14(2): 220–8. DOI: 10.1007/BF02867922
- 53Parikh, P, Mochari, H and Mosca, L. Clinical utility of a fingerstick technology to identify individuals with abnormal blood lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Am J Health Promot AJHP. 2009 Apr; 23(4): 279–82. DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.071221140
- 54Bastianelli, K, Ledin, S and Chen, J. Comparing the Accuracy of 2 Point-of-Care Lipid Testing Devices. J Pharm Pract. 2017 Oct; 30(5): 490–7. DOI: 10.1177/0897190016651546
- 55Cornelissen, G. Cosinor-based rhythmometry. Theor Biol Med Model. 2014 Apr 11; 11: 16. DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-11-16
- 56Hickey, DS, Kirkland, JL, Lucas, SB and Lye, M. Analysis of circadian rhythms by fitting a least squares sine curve. Comput Biol Med. 1984 Jan 1; 14(2): 217–23. DOI: 10.1016/0010-4825(84)90008-8
- 57von Elm, E, Altman, DG, Egger, M, Pocock, SJ, Gøtzsche, PC, Vandenbroucke, JP, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Oct 16; 147(8): 573. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010
- 58Cohn, JP. Citizen Science: Can Volunteers Do Real Research? BioScience. 2008; 58(3): 192–7. DOI: 10.1641/B580303
- 59Follett, R and Strezov, V. An Analysis of Citizen Science Based Research: Usage and Publication Patterns. PloS One. 2015; 10(11):
e0143687 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143687 - 60Riesch, H and Potter, C. Citizen science as seen by scientists: Methodological, epistemological and ethical dimensions. Public Underst Sci. 2014 Jan 1; 23(1): 107–20. DOI: 10.1177/0963662513497324
- 61Phillips, AN and Smith, GD. How independent are “independent” effects? relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991 Jan 1; 44(11): 1223–31. DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90155-3
- 62Mumford, SL, Schisterman, EF, Siega-Riz, AM, Browne, RW, Gaskins, AJ, Trevisan, M, et al. A Longitudinal Study of Serum Lipoproteins in Relation to Endogenous Reproductive Hormones during the Menstrual Cycle: Findings from the BioCycle Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Sep; 95(9): E80–5. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0109
- 63Saxena, AR, Seely, EW and Goldfine, AB. Cardiovascular risk factors and menstrual cycle phase in pre-menopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest. 2012 Sep; 35(8): 715–9.
- 64Masuda, S, Ichihara, K, Yamanishi, H, Hirano, Y, Tanaka, Y, Kamisako, T, et al. Evaluation of menstrual cycle-related changes in 85 clinical laboratory analytes. Ann Clin Biochem. 2016 May; 53(Pt 3): 365–76. DOI: 10.1177/0004563215617212
- 65Driver, SL, Martin, SS, Gluckman, TJ, Clary, JM, Blumenthal, RS and Stone, NJ. Fasting or Nonfasting Lipid Measurements. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Mar; 67(10): 1227–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.047
- 66Kotseva, K, Wood, D, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, Pyörälä, K, Reiner, Z, et al. EUROASPIRE III. Management of cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic high-risk patients in general practice: cross-sectional survey in 12 European countries. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil Off J Eur Soc Cardiol Work Groups Epidemiol Prev Card Rehabil Exerc Physiol. 2010 Oct; 17(5): 530–40. DOI: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e3283383f30
- 67Conditions That Increase Risk for Heart Disease|cdc.gov [Internet]; 2017 [cited 2018 Jul 5]. Available from:
https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/conditions.htm . - 68What Are the Risk Factors for Heart Disease?, HHS, NIH, NHLBI [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jul 5]. Available from:
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/hearttruth/lower-risk/risk-factors.htm . - 69Dallongeville, J, Banegas, JR, Tubach, F, Guallar, E, Borghi, C, De Backer, G, et al. Survey of physicians’ practices in the control of cardiovascular risk factors: the EURIKA study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012 Jun; 19(3): 541–50. DOI: 10.1177/1741826711407705
- 70Grant, AD, Wolf, GI and Nebeker, C. Approaches to governance of participant-led research: a qualitative case study. BMJ Open. 2019 Apr 1; 9(4):
e025633 . DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025633
