Figure 1
The completed test kit base.
Figure 2
Cross-sectional diagram showing the layout of the test kit.
Figure 3
Samples from the Tower Bar, Lincoln, showing the effect of filtration. The unfiltered sample is on the left, and the filtered sample on the right.
Figure 4
Examples of test solutions used to determine quantification and limits of detection of chlorides.
Table 1
Comparison of chloride level results from testing strips with known concentrations of salt stock solutions.
| Stock concentration | Result from Quantofix® chloride test strips (0–3000 mg/L) |
|---|---|
| 100 ppm | Between 0 and 500 mg/L |
| 1000 ppm | 1000mg/L |
| 4000 ppm | Between 1500 mg/L and 3000 mg/L |
| 1.3625 × 105 ppm | Greater than or equal to 3000 mg/L |
Figure 5
Undergraduate Conservation of Cultural Heritage students demonstrating the use of the testing kit to the public, on site at St Mary le Wigford church in Lincoln, UK.
Figure 6
Pine, limestone, iron alloy and earthenware after soaking in a saturated salt solution and drying for 42 hours, showing the presence of salts.
Table 2
Chloride concentration readings obtained from 27% salt contaminated materials.
| Material | Sample number | Paintbrush, ppm/4 cm2 | Glass-fibre brush, ppm/4 cm2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wood | W1 | >4000 | >4000 |
| Wood | W2 | >4000 | >4000 |
| Wood | W3 | >4000 | >4000 |
| Nail | N1 | 2500 | 4000 |
| Nail | N2 | >4000 | >4000 |
| Nail | N3 | 2500 | 4000 |
| Earthenware | F1 | 75 | >4000 |
| Earthenware | F2 | 550 | >4000 |
| Earthenware | F3 | 550 | >4000 |
| Limestone | L1 | 100 | 4000 |
| Limestone | L2 | 4000 | 4000 |
| Limestone | L3 | 4000 | >4000 |
Table 3
Chloride concentration readings obtained from 5% salt contaminated materials, using either a paintbrush or a glass-fibre brush to remove salts for testing.
| Material | Sample number | Paintbrush, ppm/4 cm2 | Glass-fibre brush, ppm/4 cm2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wood | W4 | 75 | 100 |
| Wood | W5 | 50 | 50 |
| Nail | N4 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Nail | N5 | 2000 | 3000 |
| Earthenware | F4 | 50 | 100 |
| Earthenware | F5 | 50 | 200 |
| Limestone | L4 | 100 | 100 |
| Limestone | L5 | 50 | 50 |