Figure 1
Schematic of the Style_Net_01 model.
Table 1
Settings used in model experiments (mD = moveDistance; pMR = personalMobilityRange; tIS = toolInventorySize; tUL = toolUseLife; tUP = toolUsesPerStep; pF = productionFactor; r = replacement).
| EXPERIMENT | N RUNS | MD | PMR | TIS | TUL | TUPS | PF | R |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a | 2,000 | 1 | 1 | 1–50 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1 | Off |
| 1b | 2,000 | 2 | 1 | 1–50 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1 | Off |
| 1c | 2,000 | 3 | 1 | 1–50 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1 | Off |
| 1d | 2,000 | 4 | 1 | 1–50 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1 | Off |
| 1e | 2,000 | 5 | 1 | 1–50 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1 | Off |
| 2 | 100,000 | 2 | 1 | 1–50 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1 | Off |
| 3a | 100,000 | 2 | 1 | 1–50 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1 | On |
| 3b | 100,000 | 2 | 1 | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 2 | Off |
| 3c | 100,000 | 2 | 1 | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 1–10 (vary randomly) | 2 | On |
| 4a | 20 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 1 | Off |
| 4b | 20 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 1 | Off |
| 4c | 20 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 10 | 1 | Off |
| 4d | 20 | 2 | 1 | 26 | 2 | 9 | 1 | Off |
| 4e | 20 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 1 | Off |
| 4f | 20 | 2 | 1 | 27 | 9 | 3 | 1 | Off |
| 4g | 20 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 2 | On |
| 4h | 20 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 2 | On |
| 4i | 20 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 10 | 2 | On |
| 4j | 20 | 2 | 1 | 26 | 2 | 9 | 2 | On |
| 4k | 20 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 2 | On |
| 4l | 20 | 2 | 1 | 27 | 9 | 3 | 2 | On |
Figure 2
Mobility settings used in Experiment 1.
Table 2
Actual ranges travelled by groups in Experiment 1.
| EXPERIMENT | MOVEDISTANCE (CELLS) | MAXIMUM POSSIBLE GROUP RANGE (KM) | ACTUAL MAXIMUM GROUP RANGE (KM) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MINIMUM | MAXIMUM | MEAN | |||
| 1a | 1 | 339 | 246 | 298 | 263 |
| 1b | 2 | 671 | 415 | 503 | 442 |
| 1c | 3 | 1018 | 575 | 708 | 620 |
| 1d | 4 | 1357 | 738 | 925 | 797 |
| 1e | 5 | 1697 | 908 | 1139 | 973 |
Figure 3
Experiment 1 results. Green boxes delineate the actual minimum and maximum ranges of groups. Although the scales of transport distance (as shown on the Y axis) vary, the pattern of the relationship between the Retention Index and transport distance is the same regardless of the scale of mobility.
Figure 4
Results of Experiment 1 shown on a log scale. The red line marks the threshold where the maximum distance of stone tool transport distance reflects 90% of maximum group range (%MaxRange = 0.9).
Figure 5
Relationship between inventory size and the ratio of maximum transport distance to maximum group range in cases where the Retention Index (RI) is between 1 and 14 (Experiment 1). Although there is a generally positive relationship between inventory size and RI, a wide range of values of inventory size produce %MaxRange values over 0.9.
Figure 6
Experiment 2 results. Purple and green signify combinations of tool settings that produce %MaxRange values over 0.9. The curve of the bottom portion of the figure serves simply to conserve space and is not analytically significant.
Figure 7
Experiment 3 results showing the effects of adding ‘gearing up’ behaviors. Experiment 2 is results with a productionFactor of 1 (no increase in production at the lithic source) and replacement set to ‘off.” In Experiment 3a, all tools with less than maximum utility are replaced while at the lithic source. In Experiment 3b, twice as many tools as required by toolInventorySize are produced while at the lithic source. In Experiment 3c both of those behaviors are active.
Figure 8
Differences between batches of runs in Experiment 3 and the results from Experiment 2, showing the effects of overproduction and replacement of tools at the lithic source.
Figure 9
Experiment 2 results showing locations of example runs chosen for additional investigation in Experiment 4.
Figure 10
Fall-off patterns produced by runs in Experiment 4. Solid red lines show the fall-off patterns of runs with no ‘gearing up’ behaviors at the lithic source (no overproduction of tools and no replacement of tools that retain utility); dashed blue lines show results from runs with identical settings except for doubled production of tools at the lithic source and replacement at the lithic source of all tools with less than full utility remaining. The difference between the two lines is caused by the ‘gearing up’ behaviors.