Have a personal or library account? Click to login
It Is Not against the Law, if No-One Can See You: Online Social Organisation of Artefact-Hunting in Former Yugoslavia Cover

It Is Not against the Law, if No-One Can See You: Online Social Organisation of Artefact-Hunting in Former Yugoslavia

Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology
Volume 4 (2021): Issue 1
By: Samuel Andrew Hardy  
Open Access
|Aug 2021

References

  1. 1Al-Azm, A and Paul, KA with Graham, S. 2019. Facebook’s Black Market in Antiquities: Trafficking, Terrorism, and War Crimes. Washington, DC: Antiquities Trafficking and Heritage Anthropology Research (ATHAR) Project.
    Back to article
  2. 2Altaweel, M. 2019. The market for heritage: Evidence from eBay using natural language processing. Social Science Computer Review, 39(3). DOI: 10.1177/0894439319871015
    Back to article
  3. 3Assembly of Montenegro. 2010. Protection of Cultural Property Act. Podgorica: Assembly of Montenegro.
    Back to article
  4. 4Barford, P. 2020. Some aspects of the collection-driven exploitation of the archaeological record in England and Wales. Revista d’Arqueologia de Ponent, 30: 101–125. DOI: 10.21001/rap.2020.30.5
    Back to article
  5. 5Chraibi, C. 2020. Bosnian Serb Chairman Dodik presents Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov with 300-year-old Ukrainian icon. Euromaidan Press, 16 December [online access at http://euromaidanpress.com/2020/12/16/bosnian-serb-chairman-dodik-presents-russian-foreign-minister-lavrov-with-300-year-old-ukrainian-icon/ last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  6. 6Ćirić, A, Anastasijević, D, Dekić, S, Ðikić, I, Georgijev, S, Limani, Z, Popović, G, Radu, P, Raxhimi, A, Skrozza, T, Stanković, S, Vasić, M, Vasović-Mekina, S, Vladimirova, P and Xhara, J. 2005. Poluostrvo s blagom [a peninsula with a commodity]. Vreme, 3 November [online access at http://web.archive.org/web/20170710032424/http://www.vreme.co.rs/cms/view.php?id=432410 last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  7. 7Deliso, C. 2005a. Smugglers and legends complicate fight against antiquities theft (part 1). Balkanalysis, 16 November [online access at http://www.balkanalysis.com/blog/2005/11/16/smugglers-and-legends-complicate-fight-against-antiquities-theft-part-1/ last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  8. 8Deliso, C. 2005b. Smugglers and legends complicate fight against antiquities theft (part 2). Balkanalysis, 17 November [online access at http://www.balkanalysis.com/blog/2005/11/17/smugglers-and-legends-complicate-fight-against-antiquities-theft-part-2/ last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  9. 9Drnić, I. 2016. Illicit trafficking of archaeological heritage in Croatian post-war and transitional context. Twenty-Second Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Vilnius, Lithuania, 31 August–4 September.
    Back to article
  10. 10Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2003. Criminal Code. Sarajevo: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    Back to article
  11. 11Filipović, V. 2019. Cultural heritage of humankind – cheap goods for the auction houses? ResearchGate, no date [online access at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337874885_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humankind_-_Cheap_Goods_for_the_Auction_Houses last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  12. 12Filipović, V and Petrović, V. 2012. Destruction of archaeological and cultural heritage in the area of Svrljig. Archaeology and Science/Arheologija i Prirodne Nauke, 8: 49–54. DOI: 10.18485/arhe_apn.2012.8.3
    Back to article
  13. 13Filipović, VM and Vasić, R. 2017. Illicit antiquities plague in Serbia [Нелегална трговина антиквитетима у Србији]. Гласник Српског археолошког друштва/Journal of Serbian Archaeological Society, 33: 335–347.
    Back to article
  14. 14Guštin, M. 2017. Археолошка ризница Србије на пијаци Европе [archaeological treasury of Serbia on the marketplace of Europe]. Гласник Српског археолошког друштва/Journal of Serbian Archaeological Society, 33: 349–357.
    Back to article
  15. 15Hardy, SA. 2013. Germany’s return of antiquities to Kosovo – looting and murder details unknown and withheld. Conflict Antiquities, 25 February [online access at https://conflictantiquities.wordpress.com/2013/02/25/kosovo-conflict-antiquities-case-details-withheld/ last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  16. 16Hardy, SA. 2016. ‘Black archaeology’ in Eastern Europe: Metal detecting, illicit trafficking of cultural objects and ‘legal nihilism’ in Belarus, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. Public Archaeology, 15(4): 214–237. DOI: 10.1080/14655187.2017.1410050
    Back to article
  17. 17Hardy, SA. 2017a. Quantitative analysis of open-source data on metal detecting for cultural property: Estimation of the scale and intensity of metal detecting and the quantity of metal-detected cultural goods. Cogent Social Sciences, 3. DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2017.1298397
    Back to article
  18. 18Hardy, SA. 2017b. Illegal finders of antiquities in Ukraine: Do digital data indicate grassroots growth, coincidence, false advertising, astroturfing, trolling or sockpuppetry? Ukrainian Archaeology, 2016: 3–14.
    Back to article
  19. 19Hardy, SA. 2018. Metal detecting for cultural objects until ‘there is nothing left’: The potential and limits of digital data, netnographic data and market data for analysis. Arts, 7(3). DOI: 10.3390/arts7030040
    Back to article
  20. 20Hardy, SA. 2019a. ‘Paint it black’: ‘Simple’ and increasingly ‘professional’ looting of antiquities with metal detectors in East Asia. In: Mitsilegas, V, Hufnagel, S, Moiseienko, A, Shi, Y and Liu, M (Eds.). Transnational crime: European and Chinese perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge, 103–126. DOI: 10.4324/9781351026826-7
    Back to article
  21. 21Hardy, SA. 2019b. To get a good price, ‘you have to sell in international bidding sites’: Trafficking of metal-detected cultural goods from South Asia. In: Hufnagel, S and Moiseienko, A (Eds.). Criminal networks and law enforcement: Global perspectives on illegal enterprise. London: Routledge, 93–119. DOI: 10.4324/9781351176194-6
    Back to article
  22. 22Hardy, SA. 2020a. ‘You just have to wear it’: Trafficking of metal-detected antiquities from South-East Asia. In: Hufnagel, S and Moiseienko, A (Eds.). Policing transnational crime: Law enforcement of criminal flows. London: Routledge, pp. 63–95. DOI: 10.4324/9781351132275-5
    Back to article
  23. 23Hardy, SA. 2020b. Treasure-hunters ‘even from Sweden’, organised criminals and ‘lawless’ police in the Eastern Mediterranean: Online social organisation of looting and trafficking of antiquities from Turkey, Greece and Cyprus. Revista d’Arqueologia de Ponent, 30: 215–240. DOI: 10.21001/rap.2020.30.11
    Back to article
  24. 24Hardy, SA. 2021a. Conflict antiquities’ rescue or ransom? The cost of buying back stolen cultural property in contexts of political violence. International Journal of Cultural Property. DOI: 10.1017/S0940739121000084
    Back to article
  25. 25Hardy, SA. 2021b. Organised crime in trafficking of cultural goods in Turkey and interconnections between antiquities trafficking and narcotics trafficking, arms trafficking and political violence. In: Traviglia, A, Milano, L, Tonghini, C and Giovanelli, R (Eds.). Stolen heritage: Multidisciplinary perspectives on illicit trafficking of cultural heritage in the EU and the MENA region. Venice: Edizioni Ca’ Foscari, pp. 67–106.
    Back to article
  26. 26Informer. 2017. Arheološka mafija hara Srbijom: Pljačka nacionalne kulturne baštine dostigla epske razmere! [The archaeological mafia is ravaging Serbia: The looting of the national cultural heritage has reached epic proportions!] Informer, 11 June [online access at http://web.archive.org/web/20170611173657/https://www.informer.rs/vesti/drustvo/138505/ARHEOLOSKA-MAFIJA-HARA-SRBIJOM-Pljacka-nacionalne-kulturne-bastine-dostigla-epske-razmere last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  27. 27Korać, H and Amidžić, M. 2014. Krijumčarenje i ilegalna trgovina kulturnim dobrima [smuggling and illegal trafficking with cultural goods]. Pravne Teme, 2(4): 132–144.
    Back to article
  28. 28Lama, A. 2005. Foreign raiders plunder Kosovo’s heritage. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 2 August [online access at https://iwpr.net/global-voices/foreign-raiders-plunder-kosovos-heritage last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  29. 29Maniscalco, F. 2006. The loss of the Kosovo cultural heritage. Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony, 2: 21–46 [online access at http://web.archive.org/web/20070220095003/http://www.webjournal.unior.it/Dati/18/54/2.%20Kosovo,%20Maniscalco.pdf last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  30. 30Miškec, A. 2011. Slovenian laws regarding coin finds. Compte Rendu du Conseil International de Numismatique, 58: 11–14.
    Back to article
  31. 31Novinite. 2008. Bulgaria train fire hell targeted renowned archaeologist – colleagues. Novinite, 3 March [online access at https://www.novinite.com/articles/90936/Bulgaria+Train+Fire+Hell+Targeted+Renowned+Archaeologist+-+Colleagues last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  32. 32Pryor, R. 2012. Balkans targeted in hunt for stolen art. The Art Newspaper, 19 January [online access at http://museumethics.org/2012/02/balkans-targeted-in-hunt-for-stolen-art/ last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  33. 33Radović, N, Samardžić, R and Ðurđević, Z. 2016. Cultural property crime in Serbia. Defendology, 37–38: 51–61. DOI: 10.7251/DEFENG1637004R
    Back to article
  34. 34Republic of Croatia. 1999. Act on the Protection and Preservation of Cultural Objects [18 June 1999]. Zagreb: Republic of Croatia.
    Back to article
  35. 35Republic of Kosova. 2006. Cultural Heritage Law. Prishtina: Republic of Kosovo.
    Back to article
  36. 36Republic of North Macedonia. 2004. Law on Protection of Cultural Heritage. Skopje: Republic of North Macedonia.
    Back to article
  37. 37Republic of Serbia. 1994. Law on Cultural Property. Belgrade: Republic of Serbia.
    Back to article
  38. 38Republic of Slovenia. 2008. Cultural Heritage Protection Act. Ljubljana: Republic of Slovenia.
    Back to article
  39. 39RTV MMC (Multimedijski Center, Radiotelevizija Slovenija). 2016. The finding of the statuettes at a refugee shelter leads to the filing of charges against unknown perpetrators. Radiotelevizija Slovenija, 3 March [online access at http://www.rtvslo.si/news-in-english/the-finding-of-the-statuettes-at-a-refugee-shelter-leads-to-the-filing-of-charges-against-unknown-perpetrators/387290 last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  40. 40Samardžić, R. 2007. Pranje novca nove elite [money laundering of the new elite]. Danas, 13 June [online access at https://www.danas.rs/drustvo/pranje-novca-nove-elite/ last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  41. 41Sedej, I. 1977. O krajah predmetov kulturne vrednosti [thefts of objects of cultural value]. Varstvo Spomenikov/Monument Conservation, 21: 133–140.
    Back to article
  42. 42Subašić, B. 2019. Сељаци шверцују српско благо за Бугарина [Peasants are smuggling Serbian treasure for a Bulgarian]. Novosti, 16 May [online access at https://www.novosti.rs/вести/насловна/репортаже.409.html:794826-Сељаци-шверцују-српско-благо-за-Бугарина last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  43. 43Tochi, MA. 2013. Кој се’ трага по скриено богатство во Македонија? [Who is looking for hidden treasure in Macedonia?] Nova TV, 20 September [online access at https://novatv.mk/koj-se-traga-po-skrieno-bogatstvo-vo-makedonija/ last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  44. 44UNESCO. 2016. Provisional agenda item 6: ‘Treasure hunters’ and cultural trafficking – regulation on metal detectors [Report to the Twentieth Session of the Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation, 29–30 September 2016, Working Document ICPRCP/16/20.COM/INF.6]. Paris: UNESCO.
    Back to article
  45. 45Vecernje Novosti. 2015. Church icons stolen in Kosovo sold to finance terrorism. b92, 6 April [online access at https://www.b92.net/eng/news/crimes.php?yyyy=2015&mm=04&dd=06&nav_id=93710 last accessed 31 March 2021].
    Back to article
  46. 46Walasek, H with Carlton, R, Hadžimuhamedović, A, Perry, V and Wik, T. 2015. Bosnia and the destruction of cultural heritage. Abingdon: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315569789
    Back to article
  47. 47Živković, M and Todović, M. 1995. Krađa kulturnog i nacionalnog blaga Jugoslavije [theft of cultural and national treasures of Yugoslavia]. Beograd: Vojska-Decje Novine.
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.76 | Journal eISSN: 2514-8362
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Submitted on: Apr 5, 2021
Accepted on: Jul 20, 2021
Published on: Aug 3, 2021
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
antiquities looting,
illicit trafficking of cultural goods,
online trafficking,
social network analysis,
South-Eastern Europe

© 2021 Samuel Andrew Hardy, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 4 (2021): Issue 1Next article