Have a personal or library account? Click to login
A Least Cost Analysis: Correlative Modeling of the Chaco Regional Road System Cover

A Least Cost Analysis: Correlative Modeling of the Chaco Regional Road System

Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology
Volume 2 (2019): Issue 1
By: Sean Field,  Carrie Heitman and  Heather Richards-Rissetto  
Open Access
|Sep 2019

References

  1. 1Allan, WC and Broster, JB. 1978. An Archaeological Application of the Christaller Model. Paper presented at The 54th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Albuquerque, NM.
    Back to article
  2. 2Arakawa, F, Gonzales, D, McMillan, N and Murphy, M. 2016. Evaluation of trade and interaction between Chaco Canyon and Chaco outlier sites in the American Southwest by investigating trachybasalt temper in pottery sherds. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 6: 115–124. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.01.035
    Back to article
  3. 3Benson, L. 2011. Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian and Early Historic Maize Productivity in the American Southwest, Part 2: The Chaco Halo, Mesa Verde, Pajarito Plateau/Bandelier, and Zuni Archaeological Regions. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 18(1): 61–109. DOI: 10.1007/s10816-010-9083-y
    Back to article
  4. 4Betancourt, JL, Dean, JS and Hull, HM. 1986. Prehispanic Long-Distance Transport of Construction Beams, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. American Antiquity, 51(2): 370–375. DOI: 10.2307/279950
    Back to article
  5. 5Chaco Research Archive (CRA). 2016. Outlier Database Query. Accessed March, 2016. Available at http://www.chacoarchive.org/bibl_database/greathouses/search_attributes.
    Back to article
  6. 6Dean, J and Warren, R. 1983. Dendrochronology. The Architecture and Dendrochronology of Chetro Ketl. In: Lekson, S (ed.), The Architecture and Dendrochronology of Chetro Ketl, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, 105–240. Albuquerque, NM: National Park Service, Division of Cultural Research.
    Back to article
  7. 7Durand, KR. 2003. Function of Chaco-Era Great Houses. Kiva, 69(2): 141–169. DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2003.11758489
    Back to article
  8. 8Ebert, JI and Hitchcock, RJ. 1980. Locational modeling in the analysis of the prehispanic roadway system at and around Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. In: Lyons, TR and Mathien, FJ (eds.), Cultural Resources Remote Sensing, 169–207. Washington, DC: National Park Service.
    Back to article
  9. 9English, NB, Betancourt, JL, Dean, JS and Quade, J. 2001. Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(21): 11891–11896. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.211305498
    Back to article
  10. 10Field, S. 2017. Remote Sensing and Pathway Modelling: Investigating the Prehispanic Chacoan Landscape. (M.A. thesis). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
    Back to article
  11. 11Fowler, AP and Stein, JR. 1992. The Anasazi Great House in Space, Time, and Paradigm. In: Doyel, DE (ed.), Anasazi Regional Organization and the Chaco System, 101–122. Albuquerque, NM: Maxwell Museum of Anthropology.
    Back to article
  12. 12Fowles, S. 2013. An Archaeology of Doings: Secularism and the Study of Pueblo Religion. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.
    Back to article
  13. 13Friedman, RA, Sofaer, A and Weiner, RS. 2017. Remote Sensing of Chaco Roads Revisited. Advances in Archaeological Practice, 5(4): 365–381. DOI: 10.1017/aap.2017.25
    Back to article
  14. 14Geib, PR and Heitman, CC. 2015. The Relevance of Maize Pollen for Assessing the Extent of Maize Production in Chaco Canyon. In: Heitman, CC and Plog, S (eds.), Chaco Revisited New Research on the Prehistory of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, 66–95. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press.
    Back to article
  15. 15Griffin, TM, Roberts, TJ and Kram, R. 2003. Metabolic cost of generating muscular force in human walking: insights from load-carrying and speed experiments. Journal of Applied Physiology, 95(1): 172–183. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00944.2002
    Back to article
  16. 16Grimstead, DN, Buck, SM, Vierra, BJ and Benson, LV. 2015. Another possible source of archaeological maize found in Chaco Canyon, NM: The Tohatchi Flats area, NM, USA. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 3: 181–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.06.003
    Back to article
  17. 17Gruchy, M, de Caswell, E and Edwards, J. 2017. Velocity-Based Terrain Coefficients for Time-Based Models of Human Movement. Internet Archaeology, 45. DOI: 10.11141/ia.45.4
    Back to article
  18. 18Guiterman, CH, Swetnam, TW and Dean, JS. 2016. Eleventh-century shift in timber procurement areas for the great houses of Chaco Canyon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(5): 1186–1190. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514272112
    Back to article
  19. 19Hare, TS. 2004. Using measures of cost distance in the estimation of polity boundaries in the postclassic Yautepec Valley, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science, 31: 799–814. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.016
    Back to article
  20. 20Heitman, CC. 2016. A Mother for All the People. American Antiquity, 81(3): 471–489. DOI: 10.7183/0002-7316.81.3.471
    Back to article
  21. 21Heitman, CC, Van Dyke, R, Peebles, M and Bocinsky, K. 2016. Greater Chaco Landscapes Great House Communities GIS Integration Dataset. GIS dataset submitted to the National Park Service in partial fulfillment of Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystems Study Unit Task Agreement. Number: P14AC01703, Project #: UCOB–109.
    Back to article
  22. 22Herzog, I. 2013. Theory and Practice of Cost Functions. In: Contreras, F, Farjas, M and Melero, FJ (eds.), Fusion of Cultures. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, Granada, Spain, April 2010, 375–382. Oxford: Archaeopress.
    Back to article
  23. 23Herzog, I. 2014. A Review of Case Studies in Archaeological Least-Cost Analysis. Archaeologia e Calcolatori, 25: 223–239.
    Back to article
  24. 24Herzog, I and Yépez, A. 2013. Least-Cost Kernel Density Estimation and Interpolation-Based Density Analysis Applied to Survey Data. In: Contreras, F, Farjas, M and Melero, FJ (eds.), Fusion of Cultures. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, Granada, Spain, April 2010, 367–374. Oxford: Archaeopress.
    Back to article
  25. 25Hudson, EJ. 2012. Walking and Watching: New Approaches to Reconstructing Cultural Landscapes through Space Syntax Analysis. In: White, DA and Surface-Evans, SL (eds.), Least Cost Analysis of Social Landscapes: Archaeological Case Studies, 97–108. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
    Back to article
  26. 26Judd, NM. 1925. Everyday Life in Pueblo Bonito. National Geographic Magazine, 48(3): 227–262.
    Back to article
  27. 27Judd, NM. 1954. The Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito. (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 24). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
    Back to article
  28. 28Kantner, J. 1997a. Ancient roads, modern mapping: Evaluating Chaco Anasazi roadways using GIS Technology. Expedition, 39(3): 49–61.
    Back to article
  29. 29Kantner, J. 1997b. Chaco Roads. Paper presented in: Evaluating Models of Chaco: A Virtual Conference, a digital conference organized by S. H. Lekson, J. M. Malville, and D. Yankosky and sponsored by the University of Colorado. No longer available online.
    Back to article
  30. 30Kantner, J. 2012. Realism, Reality, and Routes: Evaluating Cost-Surface and Cost-Path Algorithms. In: White, DA and Surface-Evans, SL (eds.), Least Cost Analysis of Social Landscapes: Archaeological Case Studies, 225–238. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
    Back to article
  31. 31Kantner, J and Vaughn, KJ. 2012. Pilgrimage as costly signal: Religiously motivated cooperation in Chaco and Nasca. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 31(1): 66–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2011.10.003
    Back to article
  32. 32Kincaid, C, Stein, JR and Levine, DF. 1983. Road Verification Summary. In: Kincaid, C (ed.), Chaco Roads Project, Phase 1: A Reappraisal of Prehispanic Roads in the San Juan Basin, 9.1–9.78. Albuquerque and Santa Fe, NM: United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.
    Back to article
  33. 33King, VC. 2003. The Organization of Production of Chuska Gray Ware Ceramics in Distribution and Consumption in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation). Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico.
    Back to article
  34. 34Kunitz, JK, Lagree, JD and Weinig, DL. 2017. A GIS Examination of the Chacoan Great North Road. Kiva, 83(1): 86–113. DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2016.1199936
    Back to article
  35. 35Lekson, SH. 1984. Great Pueblo Architecture of Chaco Canyon. In: Leone, M (ed.), Publications in Archeology 18B, Chaco Canyon Studies. Santa Fe, NM: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
    Back to article
  36. 36Lekson, SH. 1991. Settlement Pattern and the Chaco Region. In: Crown, PL and Judge, JW (eds.), Chaco and Hohokam, 31–55. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.
    Back to article
  37. 37Llobera, M. 2000. Understanding Movement: A Pilot Model toward the Sociology of Movement. In: Lock, GR (ed.), Beyond the Map: Archaeology and Spatial Technologies, 65–84. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
    Back to article
  38. 38Llobera, M, Fábrega-Álvarez, P and Parcero-Oubiña, C. 2010. Order in movement: a GIS approach to accessibility. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(4): 843–851. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.11.006
    Back to article
  39. 39Loose, RW. 1979. Research Design. In: Marshall, MP, Stein, JR, Loose, RW and Novotny, JE (eds.), Anasazi Communities of the San Juan Basin, 355–362. Albuquerque and Santa Fe, NM: Public Service Company of New Mexico and New Mexico State Historic Preservation Bureau.
    Back to article
  40. 40Malville, NJ. 1999. Porters of the eastern hills of Nepal: Body size and load weight. American Journal of Human Biology, 11(1): 1–11. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1999)11:1<;1::AID-AJHB1>3.0.CO;2-E
    Back to article
  41. 41Marshall, MP, Stein, JR, Loose, RW and Novotny, JE. (eds.) 1979. Anasazi Communities of the San Juan Basin. Albuquerque and Santa Fe, NM: Public Service Company of New Mexico and New Mexico State Historic Preservation Bureau.
    Back to article
  42. 42Mills, BJ. 2002. Recent Research on Chaco: Changing Views on Economy, Ritual, and Society. Journal of Archaeological Research, 10(1): 65–115. DOI: 10.1023/A:1014564624013
    Back to article
  43. 43Mills, BJ, Carpenter, A and Grimm, W. 1997. Sourcing Chuskan Ceramic Production: Petrographic and Experimental Analyses. Kiva, 62(3): 261–282. DOI: 10.1080/00231940.1997.11758335
    Back to article
  44. 44Morenon, PE. 1977. Summary of Energy Study Results Conducted in Chaco Canyon National Monument. Albuquerque, NM: Fort Burgwin Research Center, Southern Methodist University and National Park Service, Division of Cultural Research.
    Back to article
  45. 45Morrison, CR. 1973. Field report on prehispanic road survey by the Chaco Center Remote Sensing Program, 1973. Albuquerque, NM: National Park Service, Division of Cultural Research, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Branch of Remote Sensing.
    Back to article
  46. 46Murrieta-Flores, P. 2012. Understanding Human Movement through Spatial Technologies. The Role of Natural Areas of Transit in the Late Prehistory of South-Western Iberia. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 69(1): 103–122. DOI: 10.3989/tp.2012.12082
    Back to article
  47. 47Nials, FL, Stein, JR and Roney, JR. 1987. Chacoan Roads in the Southern Periphery: Results of Phase II of the BLM Chaco Roads Project. Albuquerque, NM: United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.
    Back to article
  48. 48Nolan, KC and Cook, RA. 2012. A Method for Multiple Cost-Surface Evaluation of a Model of Fort Ancient Interaction. In: White, DA and Surface-Evans, SL (eds.), Least Cost Analysis of Social Landscapes: Archaeological Case Studies, 67–93. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
    Back to article
  49. 49Obenauf, MS. 1980. The Chacoan roadway system. (Unpublished M.A. thesis). Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology.
    Back to article
  50. 50Pandolf, K, Givoni, B and Goldman, R. 1977. Predicting energy expenditure with loads while standing or walking very slowly. Journal of Applied Physiology, 43: 577–581. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1977.43.4.577
    Back to article
  51. 51Phillips, SM and Leckman, PO. 2012. Wandering the Desert: Least Cost Path Modeling for Water Transport Trails in the Jornada Mogollon Region, Fort Bliss, South-Central New Mexico. In: White, DA and Surface-Evans, SL (eds.), Least Cost Analysis of Social Landscapes: Archaeological Case Studies, 46–66. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
    Back to article
  52. 52Plog, S and Heitman, CC. 2010. Hierarchy and social inequality in the American Southwest, AD 800–1200. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(46): 19619–19626. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014985107
    Back to article
  53. 53Powers, RP, Gillespie, WB and Lekson, SH. 1983. The Outlier Survey: A Regional View of Settlement in the San Juan Basin. (Reports of the Chaco Center: No. 3). Albuquerque, NM: United States Department of the Interior, Division of Cultural Research, National Park Service.
    Back to article
  54. 54Reed, EK. 1962. Human Skeletal Material from Site 59, Chaco Canyon National Monument. El Palacio, 69(4): 240–247.
    Back to article
  55. 55Reese, KM, Glowacki, DM and Kohler TA. (in press). Dynamic Communities on the Mesa Verde Cuesta. American Antiquity, 84(4).
    Back to article
  56. 56Reynolds, AC, Betancourt, JL, Quade, J, Patchett, PJ, Dean, JS and Stein, J. 2005. 87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science, 32(7): 1061–1075. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2005.01.016
    Back to article
  57. 57Richards-Rissetto, H. 2010. Exploring social interaction at the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras: A multi-scalar Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of access and visibility. (Ph.D. dissertation). Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico.
    Back to article
  58. 58Richards-Rissetto, H. 2012. Studying Social Interaction at the Ancient Maya Site of Copan, Honduras: A Least Cost Approach to Configurational Analysis. In: White, DA and Surface-Evans, SL (eds.), Least Cost Analysis of Social Landscapes: Archaeological Case Studies, 194–231. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
    Back to article
  59. 59Richards-Rissetto, H and Landau, K. 2014. Movement as a Means of Social Re(production): Using GIS to Measure Social Integration in Urban Landscapes. Journal of Archaeological Science, 41: 365–375. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.08.006
    Back to article
  60. 60Roney, JR. 1992. Prehispanic Roads and Regional Integration in the Chacoan System. In: Doyel, DE (ed.), Anasazi Regional Organization and the Chaco System, 123–31. Albuquerque, NM: Maxwell Museum of Anthropology.
    Back to article
  61. 61Safi, KN. 2014. Using Least Cost Pathways to Understand the Processes of Migration from the Mesa Verde Region during the Pueblo III Period. Kiva, 80(1): 28–44. DOI: 10.1179/0023194015Z.00000000038
    Back to article
  62. 62Seifried, RM and Gardner, CAM. 2019. Reconstructing Historical Journeys with Least-Cost Analysis: Colonel William Leake in the Mani Peninsula, Greece. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 24: 391–411. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.01.014
    Back to article
  63. 63Shepard, AO. 1939. Technology of La Plata Pottery. In: Morris, EH (ed.), Archaeological Studies in the La Plata District-Southwestern Colorado and Northwestern New Mexico, 249–287. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington.
    Back to article
  64. 64Snead, JE. 2011. The ‘secret and bloody wear path’: Movement, place, and conflict in the archaeological landscape of North America. World Archaeology, 43(3): 478–492. DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2011.607704
    Back to article
  65. 65Snygg, J and Windes, TC. 1998. Long, wide roads and great kiva roofs. Kiva, 64: 7–25. DOI: 10.1080/00231940.1998.11758366
    Back to article
  66. 66Sofaer, A, Marshall, MP and Sinclair, RM. 1989. The Great North Road: a Cosmographic Expression of the Chaco Culture of New Mexico. In: Aveni, AF (ed.), World Archaeoastronomy, 365–376. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
    Back to article
  67. 67Soule, RG and Goldman, RF. 1972. Terrain coefficients for energy cost prediction. Journal of Applied Physiology, 32(5): 706–708. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1972.32.5.706
    Back to article
  68. 68Till, JD. 2017. The Road That Went Up a Hill. Kiva, 83(1): 23–44. DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2016.1275930
    Back to article
  69. 69Tobler, W. 1993. Three Presentations on Geographical Analysis and Modeling. Santa Barbara, CA: National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis.
    Back to article
  70. 70Van Dyke, R. 2004. Chaco’s Sacred Geography. In: Noble, DG (ed.), In Search of Chaco Canyon: New Approaches to an Archaeological Enigma, 78–85. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.
    Back to article
  71. 71Van Dyke, R. 2007. The Chaco Experience: Landscape and Ideology at the Center Place. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.
    Back to article
  72. 72Van Dyke, R, Bocinsky, RK, Windes, TC and Robinson, TJ. 2016. Great Houses, Shrines, and High Places: Intervisibility in the Chacoan World. American Antiquity, 81(2): 205–230. DOI: 10.7183/0002-7316.81.2.205
    Back to article
  73. 73Van Leusen, M. 2000. Pattern to Process: Methodological Investigations into the Formation and Interpretation of Spatial Patterns in Archaeological Landscapes. (Ph.D. dissertation). Groningen: University of Groningen.
    Back to article
  74. 74Verhagen, P and Jeneson, K. 2012. A Roman puzzle. Trying to find the Via Belgica with GIS. In: Chrysanthi, A, Murrieta-Flores, P and Papadopoulos, C (eds.), Thinking Beyond the Tool: Archaeological Computing & the Interpretive Process, 123–130. Oxford: Archaeopress.
    Back to article
  75. 75Verhagen, P, Nuninger, L and Groenhuijzen, M. 2019. Modelling of Pathways and Movement Networks in Archaeology: An Overview of Current Approaches. In: Verhagen, P, Joyce, J and Groenhuijzen, M (eds.), Finding the Limits of the Limes: Modelling Demography, Economy and Transport on the Edge of the Roman Empire, 217–249. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04576-0_11
    Back to article
  76. 76Vivian, RG. 1972. Final technical letter report for prehistoric water conservation in Chaco Canyon, NSF Grant No. GS-3100, July 1,1970 to Jun 30, 1971. Tucson, AZ: Arizona State Museum.
    Back to article
  77. 77Vivian, RG. 1990. The Chacoan prehistory of the San Juan basin. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    Back to article
  78. 78Vivian, RG. 1991. The Chacoan Prehistory of the San Juan Basin. New York, NY: Academic Press.
    Back to article
  79. 79Vivian, RG. 1997. Chacoan Roads: Morphology & Function. Kiva, 63: 7–67. DOI: 10.1080/00231940.1997.11758346
    Back to article
  80. 80Vivian, RG and Watson, AS. 2015. Reevaluating and Modeling Agricultural Potential in the Chaco Core. In: Heitman, CC and Plog, S (eds.), Chaco Revisited: New Research on the Prehistory of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, 30–65. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press.
    Back to article
  81. 81Watson, AS, Plog, S, Culleton, BJ, Gilman, PA, LeBlanc, SA, Whiteley, PM, Claramunt, S and Kennett, DJ. 2015. Early procurement of scarlet macaws and the emergence of social complexity in Chaco Canyon, NM. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(27): 8238–8243. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509825112
    Back to article
  82. 82Weinig, DL. 2017. Constructing Timber Transport to Chaco Canyon: Prehistoric Rolling Roads? Kiva, 83(1): 66–85. DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2015.1101918
    Back to article
  83. 83White, DA and Surface-Evans, SL. (eds.) 2012. Least Cost Analysis of Social Landscapes: Archaeological Case Studies. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
    Back to article
  84. 84Whitley, TG and Hicks, LM. 2003. A geographic information systems approach to understanding potential prehistoric and historic travel corridors. Southeastern Archaeology, 22(1): 77–91.
    Back to article
  85. 85Wilcox, DR. 1993. The evolution of the Chacoan polity. In: Malville, JM and Matlock, G (eds.), The Chimney Rock Archaeological Symposium, General Technical Report No. RM-227, 76–90. Fort Collins, CO: U.S.D.A. Forest Service.
    Back to article
  86. 86Wills, WH and Dorshow, WB. 2012. Agriculture and community in Chaco Canyon: Revisiting Pueblo Alto. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 31(2): 138–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2011.11.002
    Back to article
  87. 87Wills, WH, Drake, BL and Dorshow, WB. 2014. Prehistoric deforestation at Chaco Canyon? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(32): 11584–11591. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409646111
    Back to article
  88. 88Windes, TC and Ford, D. 1996. The Chaco wood project: The chronometric reappraisal of Pueblo Bonito. American Antiquity, 61(2): 295–310. DOI: 10.2307/282427
    Back to article
  89. 89Windes, TC and McKenna, P. 2001. Going against the grain: Wood production in Chacoan society. American Antiquity, 66(2): 119–140. DOI: 10.2307/2694321
    Back to article
  90. 90Winter, JC. 1980. Human adaptations in a marginal environment. In: Moore, JL and Winter, JC (eds.), Human adaptations in a marginal environment: The UII Mitigation Project, 483–510. Albuquerque, NM: Office of Contract Archaeology, University of New Mexico.
    Back to article
  91. 91Zipf, G. 1949. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley Press, Inc.
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.36 | Journal eISSN: 2514-8362
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Submitted on: Jan 28, 2019
Accepted on: Aug 19, 2019
Published on: Sep 20, 2019
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Least cost analysis,
Chaco,
Roads,
GIS,
cost distance,
Ancestral Pueblo

© 2019 Sean Field, Carrie Heitman, Heather Richards-Rissetto, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 2 (2019): Issue 1