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Many Paths Lead Through the Bog: Reconstructing Prehistoric Networks and Routes at the Southern North Sea Coast Based on Neolithic and Bronze Age Grave Mounds Cover

Many Paths Lead Through the Bog: Reconstructing Prehistoric Networks and Routes at the Southern North Sea Coast Based on Neolithic and Bronze Age Grave Mounds

Open Access
|Sep 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Overview of the working area with all burial mounds of the Bronze Age and Single Grave Culture (landscape: Lower Saxony State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology).

Table 1

Chronological classification of the burial mounds listed in AdabWeb in the working area. Entries crossed out were not taken into account based on the archaeological dating.

DATINGNUMBER OF MOUNDS
Unknown1910
Middle Ages/Modern Age4
Roman Iron Age/Migration Period2
Iron Age5
Bronze Age – Iron Age14
Bronze Age85
Bronze Age–Neolithic3
Single Grave Culture23
Funnelbeaker Culture6
Neolithic17
Multi-period2
Figure 2

Comparison of the summary of the groups of grave mounds at individual bases, considering different distances (landscape: Lower Saxony State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology).

Figure 3

Comparison of different approaches to reconstructing a network based on burial mounds.

Figure 4

Relative neighbour network of the burial mounds in the working area.

Figure 5

Exemplary comparison of calculated and distribution based expected edges of the network.

Figure 6

Calculated betweenness of the network.

Figure 7

Network model and betweenness values in connection with modern natural spatial conditions (landscape: Lower Saxony State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology).

Figure 8

The calculated network and wooden or stone trackways in the bogs of the region.

Table 2

Dates of the trackways in the working area according to AbabWeb.

DATINGNUMBER OF TRACKWAYS
unknown30
Neolithic2
Bronze Age3
Iron Age3
Roman Iron Age/Migration Period1
Middle Ages1
Modern Age1
Figure 9

The calculated network and the non-burial sites of the Bronze Age and Single Grave Culture.

Figure 10

Distances of the non-burial sites of the Bronze Age and Single Grave culture on the Geest to the nearest edge of the network.

Figure 11

Example of a comparison of the distances of random finds to those from the Bronze Age and Single Grave culture on the Geest.

Figure 12

The calculated network and the megalithic graves of the Funnel Beaker culture.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.226 | Journal eISSN: 2514-8362
Language: English
Page range: 293 - 311
Submitted on: May 26, 2025
Accepted on: Jul 8, 2026
Published on: Sep 18, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Moritz Mennenga, Pière Leon Frederiks, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.