Figure 1
(A) Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia in two different patients. CT reformations showing periapical COD lesions clearly separated from the root of the anterior tooth. The lesion in (a) has a sclerotic center and a more radiolucent peripheral part (arrows). The lesion in (B) has a “target appearance” with a central sclerotic part, an intermediate more lucent part, and a thin peripheral sclerotic rim (arrows). (C, D) Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia. On CT reformations, multiple sclerotic periapical lesions involve the mandible bilaterally; the lesions have an elliptical shape and are clearly separated from the root of the mandibular teeth (arrows).
Figure 2
(A) Condensing osteitis in two patients. (a) Coronal reformation CT in a patient with history of right-sided periapical inflammation and abscess formation. A poorly marginated nonexpansile sclerotic lesion is seen (arrows). (B) Axial CT image obtained in a patient with longstanding caries who underwent tooth extraction. A poorly defined sclerotic lesion is seen adjacent to the extraction site (arrows).
Figure 3
A panoramic radiograph shows a large complex odontoma associated with the impacted left mandibular third molar. Reprinted with permission from Mortazavi, Hamed & Baharvand, Maryam. (2016). Jaw lesions associated with impacted tooth: A radiographic diagnostic guide. Imaging Science in Dentistry. 46. 147. 10.5624/isd.2016.46.3.147.
Figure 4
(A) Cementoblastoma. Panoramic radiograph of a periapical, sclerotic, sharply marginated lesion with a low-attenuation halo (arrows). The lesion is fused to the root of the tooth. (B, C) Cementoblastoma. Axial and coronal CT images showing a periapical, sclerotic, sharply marginated lesion with a low-attenuation halo. The lesion is fused to the root of the tooth and causes root resorption, loss of the root outline, cortical erosion, and obliteration of the periodontal ligament space (arrows).
Figure 5
(A, B) Cemento-ossifying fibroma. Axial and coronal CT images showing and expansile lesion with sclerotic internal components (arrows).
Figure 6
Idiopathic osteosclerosis. Axial CT showing a sclerotic lesion with somewhat spiculated margins (arrows). No low-attenuation rim is seen.
Figure 7
Axial CT showing torus mandibularis.
Figure 8
(A, B) Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Axial (a) and coronal (b) CT showing fibrous dysplasia lesions with typical ground glass appearance in the mandibles and skull bones (arrows).
Figure 9
(A, B) Sclerotic mandibular metastases. Coronal CT obtained in two different patients showing metastases of prostate cancer (a) and breast cancer (b) (arrows).
Figure 10
(A, B) Mandibular osteoradionecrosis. Axial CT images showing extensive areas of mandibular sclerosis with a loss of trabeculation in spongiosa, and cortical interruptions (arrows). (C, D) Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in 2 different patients. Axial CT images shows predominant right-sided sclerosis with interspersed osteolytic areas (c), and predominant left-sided sclerosis with pathologic fracture (d) (arrows). (E, F) Mandibular osteomyelitis in an elderly woman who underwent dental extraction. (e) Axial CT in bone window shows heterogeneous bone density of the right mandible with focal osteolysis and a small sclerotic sequestrum. (f) Contrast-enhanced axial CT image in soft tissue window shows an associated submandibular abscess (arrows).