Table 1
Imaging Parameters of MR protocols.
| SAGITTAL PD | CORONAL PD | SAGITTALPD FS | CORONALPD FS | AXIALPD FS 4 mm | AXIALPD FS 2 mm | AXIAL OBLIQUE PD | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3T | 1.5T | 3T | 1.5T | 3T | 1.5T | 3T | 1.5T | 3T | 1.5T | 3T | 1.5T | 3T | 1.5T | |
| Repetition time (ms) | 3000 | 1640 | 3000 | 1700 | 2040 | 3060 | 1740 | 2020 | 2080 | 2040 | 2080 | 2040 | 3000 | 1640 |
| Echo time(ms) | 36 | 35 | 36 | 33.7 | 33.66 | 34.3 | 33.66 | 33.2 | 34.34 | 33.5 | 34 | 33.5 | 36 | 48 |
| Field of view (cm) | 18 × 18 | 16 × 16 | 18 × 18 | 18 × 18 | 18 × 18 | 16 × 16 | 18 × 18 | 18 × 18 | 19 × 19 | 19 × 19 | 16 × 16 | 19 × 19 | 20 × 18 | 16 × 16 |
| Section thickness (mm) | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| INTERVAL | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Matrix size | 384 × 312 | 320 × 256 | 384 × 312 | 320 × 256 | 320 × 256 | 320 × 256 | 320 × 256 | 320 × 256 | 320 × 256 | 320 × 256 | 352 × 256 | 352 × 256 | 256 × 256 | 256 × 256 |
| Number of slices | 24 | 20 | 24 | 20 | 24 | 20 | 24 | 20 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Imaging time | 3′40 | 2′24 | 3′50 | 2′00 | 3′30 | 2′24 | 3′35 | 2′22 | 3′10 | 2′23 | 2′35 | 2′35 | 3′40 | 2′15 |
Figure 1
(a) Meniscal tear distribution on MRI (b) Meniscal tear distribution at arthroscopy.
Figure 2
Transversal (a) and coronal PD Fat Sat (b) 1.5-T MR images: Medial meniscus unstable lesion in medial para-condylar recess (arrow) confirmed at arthroscopy (arrow) (c).
Figure 3
Sagittal (a, b) and transversal 2 mm PD Fat Sat 3T MR images (c): Radial tear in the body of lateral meniscus (arrow) confirmed at arthroscopy (d).
Table 2
Diagnosis Value of MRI in Meniscal Tears.
| Medial meniscus | Lateral meniscus | All meniscal tears | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRI | 1.5T | 3T | MRI | 1.5T | 3T | MRI | 1.5T | 3T | |
| True positive | 49 | 30 | 19 | 39 | 20 | 19 | 88 | 50 | 38 |
| True negative | 45 | 22 | 23 | 57 | 35 | 22 | 120 | 75 | 45 |
| False positive | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| False negative | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 4 |
| Sensitivity | 92.5% | 90.90% [74.5–97.6] | 95.0% [73.1–99.7] | 89.1% | 100% [80–100] | 86.4% [64–96.4] | 92.6% | 94% [80–100] | 90.5% [80–100] |
| Confidence interval | 0.64 | 0.015 | 0.88 | ||||||
| Specificity | 95.7% | 95.7% [76–99.8] | 95.8% [76.9–99.8] | 98.3% | 97.2% [83.8–99.9] | 100.0% [81.5–100] | 96.7% | 96.6% [81.5–100] | 97.8% [81.5–100] |
| Confidence interval | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.92 | ||||||
| Positive predictive value | 96.1% | 96.80% | 95.0% | 97.5% | 95.5% | 100.0% | 96.7% | 96.15% | 97.4% |
| Negative predective value | 91.8% | 88.0% | 95.8% | 91.9% | 94.6% | 88.0% | 92.9% | 95% | 91.8% |
| p | < 0.0001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
Table 3
Comparison of 1.5-T and 3-T MRI Diagnosis Value in Meniscal Tears Configuration.
| Configuration of medial meniscus tear | Configuration of lateral meniscus tear | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horizontal | Complex | Unstable | Complex | Unstable | ||||||
| 1.5 T | 3T | 1.5 T | 3T | 1.5 T | 3T | 1.5 T | 3 T | 1.5T | 3T | |
| True positive | 4 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 7 |
| True negative | 46 | 38 | 46 | 38 | 46 | 36 | 48 | 34 | 49 | 35 |
| False positive | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| False negative | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Sensitivity | 57.10% [20.2–88.2] | 100.00% [31–100] | 100.00% [59.8–100] | 100.00% [46.3–100] | 80.00% [44.2–96.5] | 100.00% [59.8–100] | 100.00% [59.8–100] | 100.00% [46.3–100] | 80.00% [44.2–96.5] | 100.00% [59.8–100] |
| Confidence interval | <0.0001 | 1 | 0.005 | 1 | 0.005 | |||||
| Specificity | 93.90% [82.1–98.4] | 92.70% [79–98.1] | 95.80% [84.6–99.3] | 97.40% [84.9–99.9] | 100.00% [90.4–100] | 100.00% [88–100] | 95.80% [84.6–99.3] | 97.40% [84.9–99.9] | 100.00% [90.4–100] | 100.00% [88–100] |
| Confidence interval | 0.9 | 0.83 | 1 | 0.83 | 1 | |||||
Table 4
Comparison of 1.5-T and 3-T MRI in the Assessment of Meniscal Tears Location.
| Location of medial meniscus tear | Location of lateral meniscus tear | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior horn | Body | Posterior horn | Body | Posterior horn | ||||||
| 1.5 T | 3T | 1.5 T | 3T | 1.5-T | 3T | 1.5-T | 3T | 1.5-T | 3T | |
| True positive | 9 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 26 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 14 |
| True negative | 46 | 37 | 43 | 33 | 25 | 25 | 49 | 32 | 38 | 25 |
| False positive | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| False negative | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Sensitivity | 90.00% [54.1–99.5] | 100.00% [31–100] | 91.70% [59.8–99.6] | 77.80% [40.2–96.1] | 89.70% [71.5–97.3] | 76.50% [49.8–92.2] | 100.00% [56.1–100] | 83.30% [20.9–97.1] | 100.00% [77.1–100] | 77.80% [51.9–92.6] |
| Confidence interval | 0.069 | 0.055 | 0.1 | 0.006 | 0.0006 | |||||
| Specificity | 100.00% [90.4–100] | 90.20% [75.9–96.8] | 97.70% [86.5–99.9] | 94.30% [79.5–99] | 92.60% [74.2–98.7] | 92.60% [74.2–98.7] | 100.00% [90.1–100] | 100.00% [86.7–100] | 97.40% [84.9–99.9] | 96.20% [78.4–99.8] |
| Confidence interval | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.74 | 1 | 0.83 | |||||
Figure 4
Sagittal PD Fat Sat 1.5T MR Images (a, b): Complete ACL (arrow) and PCL (arrowhead) tear confirmed by arthroscopy (c, d).
Table 5
MRI Diagnosis Value in the Assessment of Cruciate Ligament Tears.
| ACL complete tears | PCL complete tears | CL complete tears | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRI | 1.5T | 3T | MRI | 1.5T | 3T | MRI | 1.5 T | 3T | |
| True positive | 56 | 35 | 21 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 59 | 37 | 22 |
| True negative | 39 | 23 | 16 | 97 | 54 | 43 | 136 | 77 | 59 |
| False positive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| False negative | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sensitivity (Confidence Interval) | 98.2% [89,4–99,9] | 100.0% [87,7–100] | 95.5% [75,1–99,8] | 100% [31,0–100] | 100.00% [19,8–100] | 100% [5,5–100] | 98.3% [89,9–99,9] | 100% [88,3–100] | 95.7% [76–96,8] |
| Specificity (confidence interval) | 100% [88,8–100] | 100.0% [82.2–100] | 100% [75,9–100] | 100% [95,3–100] | 100% [91,7–100] | 100% [89,8–100] | 100% [96,6–100] | 100% [94,1–100] | 100% [92,4–100] |
| Positive predictive value | 100% [92,0–100] | 100.0% [87,7–100] | 100% [80,8–100] | 100% [31,0–100] | 100% [19,8–100] | 100% [5,5–100] | 100% [92,4–100] | 100% [88, 3–100] | 100% [81,5–100] |
| Negative predective value | 97.5% [85,3–99,9] | 100.00% [82.2–100] | 94,1% [69,2–99,7] | 100% [95,3–100] | 100% [91,7–100] | 100% [89,8–100] | 99.3% [95,4–100] | 100% [94,1–100] | 98.3% [89,9–99,9] |
| p | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.023 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |