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Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation Cover

Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation

Open Access
|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Predicted relations between facial extraversion preferences and individual differences in (a) perceived infectability, (b) germ aversion, (c) need to belong, and (d) sociosexual orientation (the graph displays results for the predicted interaction effect with participants’ gender; Study 1).

Note. All individual difference measures were z-standardized.

Table 1

Overview of the key hypotheses and results across the two studies.

STUDY 1 (ORIGINAL STIMULI)STUDY 2 (BASEL FACE STIMULI)STUDY 2 (10K FACE STIMULI)
FREQUENTISTBAYESIANFREQUENTISTBAYESIANFREQUENTISTBAYESIAN
Perceived infectability (–)×××××
Germ aversion (–)××××××
Need to belong (+)×××××
Sociosexual orientation: f rating m (+)a×××××
Stimulus setSameDifferentDifferent
Stimulus presentationSameSameDifferent

[i] Note. Variables hypothesized to correlate with preferences for extraverted-looking targets are shown in column 1 (the predicted sign is indicated in parentheses). For the frequentist and Bayesian analyses, we highlight a prediction as supported if the observed association was in the predicted direction and associated with p < .05 and BF ≥3 (in favor of the alternative hypothesis), respectively. We did not specify these cut-offs in our preregistration. Adopting alternative, justifiable cut-offs for the Bayesian analyses, such as BF ≥10 in favor of the alternative hypothesis, would yield the same results.

aFollowing the hypotheses described in the original study, we coded this hypothesis as supported if there was a positive association for female perceivers rating male targets and if this association was stronger than the association for male perceivers rating female targets.

Figure 2

Predicted relation between facial extraversion preferences and individual differences in (a) perceived infectability, (b) germ aversion, (c) need to belong, (d) sociosexual orientation (the graph displays results for the predicted interaction effect with participants’ gender; Study 2).

Note. All individual difference measures were z-standardized.

Figure 3

Predicted relation between facial extraversion and likeability ratings for participants scoring lower (–1 SD; orange lines) or higher (+1 SD; blue lines) on (a) perceived infectability, (b) germ aversion, (c) need to belong, (d) sociosexual orientation (the graph displays results for the predicted interaction effect with participants’ gender; Study 2).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.996 | Journal eISSN: 2397-8570
Language: English
Page range: 2 - 2
Submitted on: Sep 10, 2024
Accepted on: Jan 21, 2026
Published on: Mar 26, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Bastian Jaeger, Alex L. Jones, Liam Satchell, Christoph Schild, Florian van Leeuwen, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.