Table 1
Participant’s age, gender, removed data, and total sample size through the three years of the study.
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | TOTAL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | All conditions | 193 | 186 | 180 | 559 |
| Mental | 95 | 78 | 92 | 265 | |
| Physical | 98 | 108 | 88 | 294 | |
| Age (years) | Mean | 21.57 | 21.38 | 20.85 | 21.27 |
| SD | 3.72 | 3.25 | 2.60 | 3.24 | |
| Female participant (%) | 81 | 80 | 85 | 82 | |
| Removed data | 4 | 7 | 18 | 33 | |
[i] Note: Were excluded from the data participants who reported having a disability and those who did not fill at least one entire measure.
Table 2
Means (and standard deviations) of all measures. Per column, different subscripts indicate significant differences between means (according to Bonferroni’s post-hoc, p < 0.05).
| SCM | INFRAHUMANIZATION | INDIRECT ANIMALISTIC DEHUMANIZATION | BLATANT ANIMALISTIC AND MECHANISTIC DEHUMANIZATION | ASCENT OF MAN | ALIENABILITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TYPE OF DISABILITY | PRESENCE OF A DISABILITY | COMPETENCE | WARMTH | POSITIVE PRIMARY EMOTIONS | NEGATIVE PRIMARY EMOTIONS | POSITIVE SECONDARY EMOTIONS | NEGATIVE SECONDARY EMOTIONS | UH | NON-UH | BLATANT UH | BLATANT HN | ||
| Mental | Yes | 3.61 (0.83) | 4.09 (0.90) | 0.14 (0.16) | 0.41 (0.24) | 0.25 (0.21) | 0.18 (0.17) | 3.38 (0.97) | 4.63 (0.89) | 4.20 (0.97) | 3.87 (0.84) | 88.41 (12.59) | 6.72 (0.60) |
| No | 4.89 (0.91) | 4.31 (0.88) | 0.41 (0.29) | 0.13 (0.15) | 0.31 (0.25) | 0.10 (0.13) | 4.42 (0.84) | 4.03 (0.80) | 4.30 (0.83) | 4.42 (0.84) | 90.76 (10.22) | / | |
| Physical | Yes | 4.08 (0.98) | 4.52 (1.09) | 0.15 (0.17) | 0.30 (0.19) | 0.37 (0.21) | 0.16 (0.16) | 4.53 (1.04) | 3.65 (0.92) | 4.74 (1.18) | 4.45 (1.16) | 89.17 (11.53) | 6.86 (0.37) |
| No | 4.73 (1.00) | 4.11 (0.99) | 0.37 (0.28) | 0.13 (0.17) | 0.33 (0.26) | 0.10 (0.16) | 3.88 (0.83) | 4.40 (0.93) | 4.32 (1.05) | 4.37 (1.04) | 89.19 (12.53) | / | |
Table 3
Results of statistical tests conducted in the Study on the measures of SCM, subtle measures, and the Blatant Animalistic and Mechanistic Dehumanization measure.
| SCM | INFRAHUMANIZATION | INDIRECT ANIMALISTIC DEHUMANIZATION | BLATANT ANIMALISTIC AND MECHANISTIC DEHUMANIZATION | ASCENT OF MAN | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main effects | |||||
| Type of disability [T] | F(1,557) = 4.42, p = 0.04, η²G = 0.005 | F(1,557) = 0.51, p = 0.48, η²G = 0.00 | F(1,557) = 0.001, p = 0.98, η²G = 0.00 | F(1,557) = 14.05, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.02 | F(1,553) = 0.21, p = 0.65, η²G = 0.00 |
| Presence of a disability [P] | F(1,557) = 137.46, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.05 | F(1,557) = 24.63, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.001 | F(1,557) = 20.58, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.01 | F(1,557) = 1.38, p = 0.24, η²G = 0.00 | F(1,553) = 6.15, p < 0.05, η²G = 0.003 |
| Measure’s dimensions | F(1,557) = 11.93, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.001 | [E] F(1,557) = 19.40, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.01 | F(1,557) = 24.08, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.005 | F(1,557) = 38.64, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.003 | |
| [V] F(1,557) = 196.29, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.06 | |||||
| First Order Interaction Effects | |||||
| Type of disability * Presence of a disability | F(1,557) = 74.33, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.03 | F(1,557) = 3.66, p = 0.06, η²G = 0.00 | F(1,557) = 7.97, p = 0.005, η²G = 0.002 | F(1,557) = 79.92, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.02 | F(1,553) = 6.15, p < 0.05, η²G = 0.002 |
| Presence of a disability * Measure’s dimensions | F(1,557) = 453.83, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.07 | [E] F(1,557) = 9.95, p = 0.002, η²G = 0.002 | F(1,557) = 2.15, p = 0.14, η²G = 0.001 | F(1,557) = 86.19, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.01 | |
| [V] F(1,557) = 326.50, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.10 | |||||
| Type of disability * Measure’s dimensions | F(1,557) = 0.82, p = 0.37, η²G = 0.00 | [E] F(1,557) = 24.74, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.01 | F(1,557) = 140.24, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.03 | F(1,557) = 0.15, p = 0.70, η²G = 0.00 | |
| [V] F(1,557) = 16.37, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.005 | |||||
| ([E] * [V]) F(1,557) = 141.33, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.04 | |||||
| Second Order Interaction Effects | |||||
| Type of disability * Presence of a disability * Measure’s dimensions | F(1,557) = 0.01, p = 0.93, η²G = 0.00 | [E] F(1,557) = 6.25, p = 0.01, η²G = 0.001 | F(1,557) = 320.25, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.15 | F(1,557) = 1.54, p = 0.21, η²G = 0.00 | |
| [V] F(1,557) = 22.63, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.01 | |||||
| ([P]* [E] * [V]) F(1,557) = 250.02, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.05 | |||||
| ([T]* [E] * [V]) F(1,557) = 1.60, p = 0.21, η²G = 0.00 | |||||
| Third Order Interaction Effects | |||||
| F(1,557) = 0.61, p = 0.44, η²G = 0.00 | |||||
[i] Note: Concerning infrahumanization results, [E] is for the variable emotions’ dimensions, [V] for the variable valence’s dimensions, [T] is for the variable type of disability, and [P] is for presence of disability.
Figure 1
Mean attributions of SCM’s dimensions depending on the Type of Disability and Presence of disability, with standard deviations.
Figure 2
Mean attributions of Infrahumanization’s dimensions (i.e., Emotions’ dimensions and Valence’ dimensions) depending on the Type of Disability and Presence of disability, with standard deviations.
Figure 3
Mean attributions of Subtle Indirect Animalistic Dehumanization’s dimensions depending on the Type of Disability and Presence of disability, with standard deviations.
Figure 4
Mean attributions of Blatant Indirect Animalistic and Mechanistic Dehumanization’s dimensions depending on the Type of Disability and Presence of disability, with standard deviations.