Figure 1
Map of the 17 Leopold II statues in Belgium. Eleven of them were recently vandalized. Two statues were removed, four city councils are considering removal. In four occasions, a ‘counter-statue’ was put in place. A panel with information was added in three cases [June 13, 2020].
Note: Source: LocalFocus (https://www.localfocus.nl).
Figure 2
Standardized Results of the Model testing the Association of Ideological Worldviews with “Sorry”-Attitudes via Intergroup Emotions.
Note: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. For the sake of parsimony, only significant paths are portrayed. Full results are available on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ypbkr).
Table 1
Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations among Study Variables.
| Measure | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RWA | 2.85 | 0.89 | – | |||||||||
| UDO | 5.02 | 0.71 | –0.26*** | – | ||||||||
| SDO-D | 2.60 | 1.32 | 0.41*** | –0.15* | – | |||||||
| SDO-E | 5.22 | 1.53 | –0.22*** | 0.27*** | –0.48*** | – | ||||||
| Guilt | 3.91 | 1.72 | –0.04 | 0.23*** | –0.04 | 0.12a | – | |||||
| Shame | 3.69 | 1.60 | –0.05 | 0.29*** | –0.03 | 0.11a | 0.86*** | – | ||||
| Anger | 3.88 | 1.49 | –0.07 | 0.23*** | –0.11a | 0.11a | 0.64*** | 0.70*** | – | |||
| Empathy | 5.09 | 1.18 | –0.19** | 0.29*** | –0.05 | 0.22*** | 0.50*** | 0.55*** | 0.57*** | – | ||
| Repair | 3.79 | 1.30 | –0.14* | 0.29*** | –0.09 | 0.12a | 0.43*** | 0.45*** | 0.45*** | 0.43*** | – | |
| Apology | 4.86 | 1.47 | –0.15* | 0.38*** | –0.16* | 0.21*** | 0.48*** | 0.51*** | 0.48*** | 0.49*** | 0.62*** | – |
| Awareness | 4.66 | 1.34 | –0.04 | 0.39*** | –0.06 | 0.20** | 0.46*** | 0.52*** | 0.50*** | 0.54*** | 0.47*** | 0.54*** |
[i] Note: a: p < 0.10; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001.
Table 2
Unstandardized Estimates (Standard Errors in Brackets) of the Mediation Model Testing the Association of Ideological Worldviews with “Sorry”-Attitudes via Intergroup Emotions.
| From RWA | Via Guilt | Via Shame | Via Anger | Via Empathy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| To Repair | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | –0.03 (0.02) |
| To Apology | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | –0.05 (0.03) |
| To Awareness | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | –0.06a (0.03) |
| From UDO | Via Guilt | Via Shame | Via Anger | Via Empathy |
| To Repair | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.06) | 0.08a (0.04) | 0.07* (0.04) |
| To Apology | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.10* (0.04) |
| To Awareness | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.06) | 0.06a (0.04) | 0.12** (0.05) |
| From SDO-D | Via Guilt | Via Shame | Via Anger | Via Empathy |
| To Repair | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | –0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) |
| To Apology | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | –0.01 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.02) |
| To Awareness | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | –0.01 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.02) |
| From SDO-E | Via Guilt | Via Shame | Via Anger | Via Empathy |
| To Repair | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.03a (0.02) |
| To Apology | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.04* (0.02) |
| To Awareness | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.05* (0.02) |
[i] Note: a: p < 0.10; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001. Significant effects in boldface.