Table 1
Means and standard deviations of the dependent variable (solidarity with refugees) as well as distribution of participants across the 5 experimental conditions.
| Multicultural message | Assimilationist message | Control | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swiss source | Refugee source | Swiss source | Refugee source | |
| 4.49 (0.88) N = 23 | 4.03 (1.24) N = 27 | 3.90 (0.90) N = 25 | 4.21 (0.86) N = 18 | 4.00 (1.02) N = 19 |
Table 2
Correlations between variables regardless of experimental condition, including means and standard deviations.
| N | M | SD | AP | MP | AR | PT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Identity | 110 | 4.27 | 1.03 | 0.51** | –0.19^ | –0.25** | –0.29** |
| Assimilationist Principles (AP) | 107 | 3.97 | 0.84 | –0.14 | –0.31** | –0.30** | |
| Multicultural Principles (MP) | 106 | 4.40 | 0.95 | 0.51** | 0.59** | ||
| Attitude towards Refugees (AR) | 108 | 4.09 | 1.01 | 0.68** | |||
| Attitude Refugees PreTest (PT) | 92 | 4.30 | 1.06 |
[i] Note. Sample size is lower for pre-test measure, as it was not included in control condition.
Middle of scale for all measures = 3.5.
^p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.
Table 3
Hierarchical regression results: Conditions with national identity predict solidarity with refugees.
| Step 1 | Step 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | t | B | SE | t | |
| Attitude Refugees Pre-test | 0.69 | 0.07 | 10.27*** | 0.67 | 0.07 | 9.70*** |
| Message | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.59 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.45 |
| Source | –0.07 | 0.14 | –0.51 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.10 |
| Message × Source | –0.68 | 0.29 | –2.36* | –0.69 | 0.29 | –2.40* |
| Identity | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.28 | |||
| Message × Identity | –0.30 | 0.14 | –2.10* | |||
| Source × Identity | –0.09 | 0.14 | –0.62 | |||
| Message × Source × Identity | –0.70 | 0.28 | –2.51* | |||
| R2 | 0.59 | 0.64 | ||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.57 | 0.60 | ||||
| F statistic | 29.70*** (df = 4, 83) | 17.15*** (df = 8, 79) | ||||
[i] Note. Message condition coding: –0.5 Assimilationist message; 0.5 Multicultural message.
Source condition coding: –0.5 Swiss source; 0.5 Refugee source.
Three subjects were removed from the present model following closer analysis of cook’s distances and studentized deleted residuals (see Fox, 1991).
Figure 1
Conditions (source × message) interacting with national identity to predict solidarity with refugees.
Table 4
Estimated means and standard errors of dependent variable (solidarity with refugees) according to five experimental conditions.
| Low national Identification (–1 SD) | High national Identification (+1 SD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Message | M | SE | M | SE | |
| 1 | Swiss | Assimilationism | 3.97 | 0.41 | 3.81 | 0.44 |
| 2 | Swiss | Multiculturalism | 4.77 | 0.45 | 4.28* | 0.42 |
| 3 | Refugee | Assimilationism | 4.02 | 0.44 | 4.56* | 0.52 |
| 4 | Refugee | Multiculturalism | 4.73 | 0.46 | 3.62 | 0.40 |
| 5 | Control | 4.69 | 0.34 | 3.35 | 0.33 | |
[i] Note. *mean differs significantly from the control condition, t(91) = 2.33, p = 0.03 and t(91) = 2.34, p = 0.02 respectively. All other comparisons: p > 0.09.