References
- 1Akrami, N., Ekehammar, B., & Araya, T. (2000). Classical and modern racial prejudice: A study of attitudes towards immigrants in Sweden. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 521–532. DOI: 10.1002/1099-0992(200007/08)30:4<;521::AID-EJSP5>3.0.CO;2-N
- 2Altemeyer, B. (1998). The other “authoritarian personality”. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 47–91. DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001.27.3.117
- 3Badea, C., Brauer, M., & Rubin, M. (2012). The effects of winning and losing on perceived group variability. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 1094–1099. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.03.006
- 4Barth, F. (1969). Ethnic groups and boundaries. The social organization of culture difference. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
- 5Brewer, M. B. (1993). Social identity, distinctiveness, and ingroup homogeneity. Social Cognition, 11, 150–164. DOI: 10.1521/soco.1993.11.1.150
- 6Caglar, A. S. (1997).
Hyphenated identities and the limits of “culture” . In: Modood, T., & Werbner, P. (eds.), The politics of multiculturalism in the new Europe, 169–185. London: Zed Books. - 7Castano, E., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (1998). The highs and lows of group homogeneity. Behavioural Processes, 42, 219–238. DOI: 10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00078-8
- 8Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., Demoulin, S., & Leyens, J.-P. (2000).
Stereotype content of social groups, as perceived by Belgian respondents . Unpublished data, Princeton University. - 9Dambrun, M., & Guimond, S. (2001). La théorie de la privation relative et l’hostilité envers les Nord-Africains [Relative deprivation theory and hostility towards North Africans]. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 14, 57–89.
- 10Dambrun, M., Maisonneuve, C., Duarte, S., & Guimond, S. (2002). Mode d’utilisation de quelques déterminants psychosociaux de l’attitude envers l’extrême droite [Modeling the social-psychological determinants of support for extreme right-wing movements]. Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 55, 49–63.
- 11Doosje, B., Spears, R., Ellemers, N., & Koomen, W. (1999). Perceived group variability in intergroup relations: The distinctive role of social identity. European review of social psychology, 10, 41–74. DOI: 10.1080/14792779943000017
- 12Duckitt, J., Bizumic, B., Krauss, S. W., & Heled, E. (2010). A tripartite approach to right-wing authoritarianism: The authoritarianism-conservatism-traditionalism model. Political Psychology, 31, 5685–715. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00781.x
- 13Duckitt, J., Wagner, C., du Plessis, I., & Birum, I. (2002). The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual process model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 75–93. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.75
- 14Eckes, T. (2002). Paternalistic and envious gender stereotypes: Testing predictions from the stereotype content model. Sex Roles, 47, 99–114.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:102102092 - 15Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1997). Sticking together or falling apart: Group identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 123–140. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.617
- 16Er-rafiy, A., & Brauer, M. (2012). Increasing perceived variability reduces prejudice and discrimination: Theory and application. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 920–935. DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12000
- 17Er-rafiy, A., & Brauer, M. (2013). Modifying perceived variability: Four laboratory and field experiments show the effectiveness of a ready-to-be-used prejudice intervention. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43, 840–853. DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12010
- 18Falomir-Pichastor, J. M., & Frederic, N. (2013). The dark side of heterogeneous in group identities: National identification, perceived threat, and prejudice against immigrants. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 72–79. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.08.016
- 19Falomir-Pichastor, J. M., Munoz-Rojas, D., Invernizzi, F., & Mugny, G. (2004). Perceived ingroup threat as a factor moderating the influence of ingroup norms on discrimination against foreigners. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 135–153. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.189
- 20Gabarrot, F., & Falomir-Pichastor, J. M. (2017). Ingroup identification increases differentiation in response to egalitarian ingroup norm under distinctiveness threat. International Review of Social Psychology, 30, 219–228. DOI: 10.5334/irsp.22
- 21Gellner, E. (1997). Nationalism. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
- 22Jetten, J., & Spears, R. (2003). The divisive potential of differences and similarities: The role of intergroup distinctiveness in intergroup differentiation. European Review of Social Psychology, 14, 203–241. DOI: 10.1080/10463280340000063
- 23Jetten, J., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1997). Distinctiveness threat and prototypicality: Combined effects on intergroup discrimination and collective self-esteem. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 635–657.
- 24Jetten, J., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2001). Similarity as a source of differentiation: The role of group identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 621–640. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.72
- 25Jetten, J., Spears, R., & Postmes, T. (2004). Intergroup distinctiveness and differentiation: A meta-analytic integration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 862–879. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.6.862
- 26Kauff, M., Asbrock, F., Thörnen, S., & Wagner, V. (2013). Side effects of multiculturalism: The interaction effect of a multicultural ideology and authoritarianism on prejudice and diversity beliefs. Personality and Psychology Bulletin, 39, 305–320. DOI: 10.1177/0146167212473160
- 27Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986).
Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup outgroup perception . In: Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (eds.), Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism, 165–208. Orlando: Academic Press. - 28Mahfud, Y., Badea, C., & N’gbala, A. (2015). Distance culturelle et préjugés à l’égard des immigrés en France: le rôle des modèles d’intégration [Cultural distance and prejudice toward immigrants in France: The role of integration models]. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 28, 53–79.
- 29Messick, D. M., & Mackie, D. M. (1989). Intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 45–81. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.000401
- 30Onraet, E., Dhont, K., & Van Hiel, A. (2014). The relationships between internal and external threat and right-wing attitudes: A three-wave longitudinal study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40, 715–725. DOI: 10.1177/0146167214524256
- 31Park, B., Judd, C. M., & Ryan, C. S. (1991).
Social categorization and the representation of variability information . In: Stroebe, W., & Hewstone, M. (eds.), European Review of Social Psychology, 2(9), 211–245. Chichester: Wiley. DOI: 10.1080/14792779143000079 - 32Pehrson, S., Vignoles, V., & Brown, R. (2009). National identification and anti-immigrant prejudice: Individual and contextual effects of national definitions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 72, 24–38. DOI: 10.1177/019027250907200104
- 33Pettigrew, T. F., & Meertens, R. W. (1995). Subtle and blatant prejudice in western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 57–75. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2420250106
- 34Quattrone, G. A. (1986).
On the perception of a group’s variability . In: Worchel, S., & Austin, W. G. (eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. - 35Reicher, S. D., & Hopkins, N. (2001). Self and nation: Categorization, contestation and mobilisation. London: Sage. DOI: 10.4135/9781446220429
- 36Roblain, A., Malki, B., Azzi, A., & Licata, L. (2017). After coming in, settling in: An analysis of early-stage acculturation preferences of male Syrian and Iraqi asylum seekers in Belgium. International Review of Social Psychology, 30, 20–28. DOI: 10.5334/irsp.49
- 37Roccas, S., & Amit, A. (2011). Group heterogeneity and tolerance: The moderating role of conservation values. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 898–907. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.011
- 38Schwartz, S. H. (1992).
Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries . In: Zanna, M. (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 25, 1–65. New York: Academic Press. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6 - 39Simon, B., & Brown, R. (1987). Perceived intragroup homogeneity in minority majority contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 705–711. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.703
- 40Simon, B., & Klandermans, B. (2001). Politicized collective identity: A social psychological analysis. American Psychologist, 56, 319–331. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.56.4.319
- 41Tajfel, H. (1969). Cognitive aspects of prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 79–97. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1969.tb00620.x
- 42Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979).
An integrative theory of intergroup conflict . In: Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations, 33–47. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. - 43Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986).
The social identity theory of intergroup behavior . In: Worchel, S., & Austin, W. G. (eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson Hall. - 44Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). Classification and quantitative judgement. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101–114. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1963.tb00865.x
- 45Thomsen, L., Green, E., & Sidanius, J. (2008). We will hunt them down: How social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism fuel ethnic persecution of immigrants in fundamentally different ways. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1455–1464. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.06.011
- 46Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
- 47Vanneman, R. D., & Pettigrew, T. F. (1972). Race and relative deprivation in the urban United States. Race and Class, 13, 461–486. DOI: 10.1177/030639687201300404
- 48Wilder, D. A. (1978). Reduction of intergroup discrimination through individuation of the outgroup. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1361–1374. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.36.12.1361
- 49Wright, S. C., & Baray, G. (2012).
Models of social change in social psychology: Collective action or prejudice reduction? Conflict or harmony? In: Dixon, J., & Levine, M. (eds.), Beyond prejudice: Extending the social psychology of conflict, inequality and social change, 225–247. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
