Figure 1
Four-factor confirmatory factor analysis model (SDO-D; SDO-E; Pro-trait; Con-trait).
Table 1
Fit indices for a model with four factors, two-dimensional factors, two methodological factors, and one factor of the SDO7 scale with 16 items.
| SAMPLE | MODEL | CFI | RMSEA | SRMR | χ² | df | χ²/df | χ²difference test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ²difference | df | p | ||||||||
| Sample 1 | One factor | .844 | .111 | .065 | 416.052 | 104 | 4.00 | 149.95 | 22 | <.001 |
| Two factors (D vs E) | .891 | .094 | .060 | 323.941 | 103 | 3.14 | 99.95 | 21 | <.001 | |
| Two factors (Pro- vs Con-traits) | .872 | .101 | .060 | 359.405 | 103 | 3.49 | 117.19 | 21 | <.001 | |
| Four factors | .965 | .059 | .034 | 173.799 | 82 | 2.44 | – | – | – | |
| Sample 2 | One factor | .814 | .103 | .071 | 428.868 | 104 | 4.12 | 71.18 | 22 | <.001 |
| Two factors (D vs E) | .883 | .083 | .065 | 308.260 | 103 | 2.99 | 40.57 | 21 | <.001 | |
| Two factors (Pro- vs Con-traits) | .852 | .093 | .067 | 363.443 | 103 | 3.54 | 53.38 | 21 | <.001 | |
| Four factors | .931 | .071 | .036 | 856.641 | 82 | 10.44 | – | – | – | |
| Sample 3 | One factor | .761 | .112 | .076 | 439.406 | 104 | 4.23 | 221.54 | 22 | <.001 |
| Two factors (D vs E) | .851 | .088 | .067 | 326.116 | 103 | 3.17 | 146.78 | 21 | <.001 | |
| Two factors (Pro- vs Con-traits) | .801 | .102 | .072 | 383.525 | 103 | 3.72 | 185.51 | 21 | <.001 | |
| Four factors | .971 | .043 | .035 | 130.821 | 82 | 1.60 | – | – | – | |
| Samples 1, 2 & 32 | One factor | .815 | .107 | .066 | 1032.828 | 104 | 9.93 | 556.66 | 22 | <.001 |
| Two factors (D vs E) | .878 | .087 | .059 | 717.856 | 103 | 6.97 | 343.27 | 21 | <.001 | |
| Two factors (Pro- vs Con-traits) | .852 | .096 | .061 | 849.197 | 103 | 8.24 | 433.78 | 21 | <.001 | |
| Four factors | .973 | .046 | .046 | 236.337 | 82 | 2.88 | – | – | – | |
[i] Note. CFI: Comparative Fit Index, RMSEA: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, SRMR: Standardized Root Mean Residual.
Table 2
Correlations and part-correlations between the SDO-D7, SDO-E7, SDO7, and SDO6 scales and the other variables.
| SDO-D | SDO-E | Part r difference | Correlation with | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PART r | PART r | t | SDO7 | SDO6 | |
| Sample 1 | |||||
| Variables primarily related to SDO-D | |||||
| Prejudice against immigrants | .21*** | .17*** | 1.14 | .67*** | .66*** |
| *Death penalty support | .13* | .04 | 2.51** | .35*** | .30*** |
| *Hierarchy-enhancing jobs | .12* | .02 | 2.89** | .31*** | .30*** |
| Hostile sexism | .10t | .21*** | –3.10** | .59*** | .59*** |
| Variables primarily related to SDO-E | |||||
| Benevolent sexism | .14** | .07 | 2.08* | .43*** | .43*** |
| *Hierarchy-attenuating jobs | .02 | –.10* | 3.41*** | –.19* | –.19* |
| Support for affirmative action | –.08 | –.08 | 0.04 | –.34*** | –.33*** |
| System justification | .08 | .08 | 0.07 | .33*** | .33*** |
| *Economic liberalism | –.08 | –.12** | 1.11 | –.43*** | –.40*** |
| Social political conservatism | .14** | .18*** | –1.13 | .59*** | .58*** |
| *Political conservatism | .12* | .19*** | –2.09* | .60*** | .59*** |
| Sample 2 | |||||
| Variables primarily related to SDO-D | |||||
| Homonegativity | .24*** | .24*** | 0.08 | .66*** | – |
| Death penalty support | .17*** | .12* | 1.22 | .45*** | – |
| *Hierarchy-enhancing jobs | .10* | .07 | 0.64 | .29*** | – |
| Variables primarily related to SDO-E | |||||
| Hierarchy-attenuating jobs | –.06 | –.01 | 1.32 | –.14 | – |
| *Support for affirmative action | –.08 | –.11* | 0.94 | –.32*** | – |
| *Support for the BLM movement | –.11* | –.29*** | 4.64*** | –.58*** | – |
| *System justification | .11* | .18*** | –1.73t | .45*** | – |
| Economic liberalism | –.10* | –.09t | –0.11 | –.32*** | – |
| Social political conservatism | .23*** | .23*** | 0.002 | .63*** | – |
| Political conservatism | .25*** | .21*** | 1.11 | .64*** | – |
| Sample 3 | |||||
| Variables primarily related to SDO-D | |||||
| *Openness | –.12* | –.01 | –2.38* | –.20* | – |
| *Agreeableness | –.14** | –.05 | –1.84t | –.28*** | – |
| Neuroticism | –.01 | –.12* | 2.33* | –.18t | – |
| Machiavellianism | .08 | .15** | –1.34 | .32*** | – |
| Narcissism | .03 | .12* | –1.89t | .23** | – |
| Psychopathy | .07 | .14** | –1.42 | .30*** | – |
| Variables primarily related to SDO-E | |||||
| Extraversion | –.02 | .06 | –1.87t | .04 | – |
| Conscientiousness | .006 | –.04 | .99 | –.05 | – |
| Economic liberalism | –.07 | –.05 | –0.50 | –.18t | – |
| Social political conservatism | .19*** | .14** | 1.09 | .45*** | – |
| Political conservatism | .23*** | .18** | 0.98 | .53*** | – |
[i] Note: t p < .10. *p <.05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. Part r = semi-partial correlations. Variables for which the observed pattern aligns with our predictions (either because the r part difference is significant or because the variable is linked with one dimension only on the excepted direction) are marked with an asterisk (*).