Abstract
Background: Vaccinations are recognized in the history of medicine as the most effective method of prevention in combating infectious diseases. They allow for the control of the course and extent of these diseases, and also significantly contribute to the complete elimination of these diseases. However, the implementation of a global vaccination program requires a high level of social approval, and thus factors that influence patients' attitudes towards vaccinations.
Approach: The main aim of the study was to determine the factors determining the willingness or refusal to be vaccinated against COVID-19.
The test was performed using the CAPI technique at the Medical and Diagnostic Center in Siedlce. Interviews using the LSQ-Cavedish diagnostic questionnaire were conducted among healthy and chronically ill patients. . The study took into account the influence of socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle of patients coordinated in primary care in rural areas and small towns. Categories of vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects were compared using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.
Results: The results show that there are significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups in terms of gender, age and professional status. Women, people aged 65 and older, actively working and working physically were more often vaccinated against COVID-19. There was no significant impact of place of residence, education, relationship status and household size on patients' attitudes. The study showed that the categories of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients differ in their health lifestyles. Interestingly, unvaccinated people had a higher rate of healthy lifestyle, while vaccinated people were more likely to follow an unhealthy lifestyle.
Implications: The conclusions of the study indicate the need for further research on the effectiveness of information campaigns and flexible communication strategies that take into account social diversity and patient concerns. These actions can help increase public acceptance of vaccination programs and ensure public health protection.