Abstract
Background: Chronic diseases are often characterized by multimorbidity, where patients experience multiple health conditions simultaneously. This underscores the need for comprehensive disease management programs tailored to the diverse patient needs. Many developed countries have implemented such programs within primary healthcare settings. The success of these initiatives largely depends on the competencies of the healthcare professionals delivering them. It is crucial to equip primary care providers with the necessary skills to deliver integrated care for chronic diseases and multimorbidity. This study explores the foundational competencies and relational skills essential for Person-Centred Integrated Care in the primary care setting, as well as the implications for refining education policies for primary care professionals.
Methods: Semi-structured focus group interviews were held to explore perspectives on PCIC among a purposive sample of 14 healthcare workers, specifically practice nurses and primary care physicians, as well as 10 patients. Four focus group sessions were conducted, with two sessions involving healthcare workers and two sessions involving patients. Also in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 healthcare providers and 15 patients with lower educational levels to enhance inclusivity.
Results: Successful professionals show a person-centred attitude, prioritizing what matters most to the patient. Core competencies include strong communication (active/interpretive listening, empathy, curiosity), adaptability, interdisciplinary knowledge, and collaboration through teamwork, information sharing, and referral. These qualities closely align with what patients value most in their care; being heard, understood, and involved in decisions that affect their lives. Providers emphasized the value of ongoing training in Person-Centred Integrated Care including follow-up sessions for reflection and skill refinement. Practical tools (e.g., example questions, video feedback), team-based training, and peer discussions enhance learning. Hands-on experiences and shadowing build confidence. Training supports both professional and personal growth.
Implications: To support the implementation of PCIC in primary care, there is a need to develop or refine education to emphasize essential skills, such as collaborative communication, interdisciplinary knowledge, shared decision-making, and active patient engagement.