Abstract
Background: The Pan Zone Vulnerable Populations Task Force (PZVPTF) was established by Alberta Health Services (AHS) during the COVID-19 Pandemic to address the urgent health needs of individuals experiencing homelessness (IEH) - this included ensuring access to public health messaging, testing, vaccines, isolation services, personal protective equipment, hygiene and sanitation services, emergency shelter support, and mental health and addiction services.
Approach: The numbers of IEH have more than doubled in Alberta since the start of the pandemic. Consequently, the Task Force (TF) has continued its work, adapting to evolving needs and collaborating with community/third sector, government, and academic stakeholders. IEH face high rates of chronic diseases, mental illness, substance use, and face barriers to accessing care, leading to poorer health outcomes and shorter lifespans. The PZVPTF operates under an integrated governance model that prioritizes inclusive health and recognizes the impact of structural determinants and systemic inequities on health outcomes and the trans-sectoral nature of supporting these populations. Its work aligns with the principles of integrated care, focusing on population health, local context, people-centered approaches, and building resilient communities. The TF brings together partners from healthcare, social services, justice, and public safety to address the complex needs of these vulnerable individuals. It has partnered with key groups overly represented in this population including Indigenous communities, those with substance use and mental health issues, and those with a history of Corrections.
Results: One notable achievement of the TF is the creation of the first ever Medical Respite Program (MRP) in the province, filling the gap between hospitals and shelters by providing medical and support services. MRPs support IEH who need medical attention but are not ill enough to be hospitalized. The MRP is being formally evaluated for potential expansion across Alberta as a cost-effective solution for emergency room diversion and increasing hospital discharge options. The PZVPTF has prioritized key initiatives, including addressing frostbite, burns, measles/other vaccinations, and developing comprehensive MRP standards. The TF is also exploring outreach strategies for individuals in encampments and focusing on intersectional issues like mental health, addiction, cancer care, and emergency department treatment. Preventive care includes HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, sexually transmitted infections, and infectious diseases like Shigella. Additionally, the TF is working to establish an evaluation protocol for MRPs and develop best practice workflows for acute care admissions and discharges for IEH. It also monitors benchmarks for healthcare services in shelters and Navigation Centers.
Implications: The PZVPTF’s integrated care model addresses the immediate health needs of vulnerable populations while establishing a framework for scalable, coordinated care across diverse communities. It has become a vital resource for health service leaders seeking expert guidance on the complex needs of IEH. The TF’s work provides valuable insights into effective strategies for managing IEH-related health challenges and offers a model for communities seeking to implement evidence-based best practices in health and social care. Its collaborative, intersectoral approach can be adapted and scaled to meet the unique needs of IEH both locally and beyond.