Abstract
Frailty, often associated with aging, is a prevalent clinical condition characterized by an increased risk of various health problems among older individuals. Efforts to prevent and reverse frailty have been hindered by the lack of a clear consensus on its definition and approach. The latest literature suggests that a multidimensional approach, including physical, psychological, and social aspects, is needed to address frailty better.
To reduce frailty among older adults, a personalized and comprehensive care plan was co-designed in partnership with older adults, as well as researchers and health and social care professionals. The care plan includes assessing older individuals social and emotional needs, promoting social engagement, offering emotional support, addressing physical well-being, and involving caregivers or family as needed. The care plan was adaptable, with a focus on individual preferences and continuous monitoring to ensure effectiveness in reducing frailty, especially the social and psychological aspects.
In particular, motivational interviewing technique was employed to identify social participation objectives among older adults with the purpose was to boost their personal motivation and commitment to becoming more socially engaged. Additionally, this technique was used to monitor and track progress towards these objectives. Motivational interviewing stands apart from other techniques like traditional medical counseling by emphasizing a collaborative and person-centered approach. It centers on building a trusting relationship between the professional and the patient. In this approach, the professional adopts an attitude of acceptance and empathy, considering the patient's needs, preferences, and experiences. Thus, the individual objectives and goals were established through a collaborative process involving the social worker and the participant. These objectives were then regularly reviewed on a monthly basis. This ongoing evaluation aimed to ensure that the intervention remained aligned with the patient's needs and tracked the progress and changes achieved by the patient over time.
Within the context of a pilot study carried out in Valencia, Spain, as a component of a broader European research project named ValueCare (reference 875215), a total of 120 older adults were enrolled in the study. Of those, 54 participants presented frailty and were invited to join the intervention program that lasted 12 months.
After the intervention, most participants showed noteworthy behavioral changes by actively engaging more in society. Engaging in the motivational sessions helped them recognize their present situation and the necessity of initiating changes, which resulted in increased social contact with family and friends, establishing fresh social connections among the other project participants and ultimately a decrease in social frailty and loneliness.
In conclusion, the implementation of motivational interviewing has proven to be a good practice in addressing the person’s ambivalence toward change. It fosters a collaborative, evocative, and autonomy-promoting environment for participants. Additionally, actively involving participants in shaping their care plans has the potential to lead to improved health outcomes and a better management of frailty conditions.